Interstitial cystitis

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder condition that results in bladder pressure, bladder pain and pelvic pain. While interstitial cystitis has not yet been confirmed as an autoimmune disease, researchers have found indirect evidence indicating its possible autoimmune nature.

Frequent urination, pelvic pain, pain between the scrotum and anus in males, the urgent need to urinate, pain and discomfort while urinating, and pain during sexual intercourse.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Sjogren’s syndrome, endometriosis, fibromyalgia syndrome, Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/ Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and anxiety disorders.

Interstitial cystitis is more prevalent in females. Symptoms of the disease appear before the age of 30. Having fair skin and red hair has also been identified as a potential risk factor.

• Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (2022)
• A H2O2-activatable nanoprobe for diagnosing intersitital cystitis and liver ischemia-reperfusuon injury via multispectral optoacoustic tomography and NIR-II fluorescent imaging (2021)
• Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: The evolving landscape, animal models and future perspective (2020)
• Clinical guidelines for interstitisal cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (2020)