Schmidt syndrome/autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II/polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2

Schmidt syndrome, also known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II (APS-II or APS2) and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 2 (PAS II or PAS2), affects several glands at once and causes decreased production of several essential hormones. This syndrome is a combination of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease), autoimmune hypothyroidism/Hashimoto’s, and/or type 1 diabetes. 

Symptoms are those of the underlying diseases, varying in combination:  

• Addison’s disease: low blood pressure and increased water excretion that can lead to severe dehydration
• Autoimmune hypothyroidism/Hashimoto’s: enlarged thyroid gland in the neck, a dull facial expression, puffiness and swelling around the eyes, coarse and dry thinning hair, and drooping eyelids
• Type 1 diabetes: frequent urination, extreme thirst, constant hunger, weight loss, itching of the skin, and changes in vision

Primary hypogonadism, myasthenia gravis, and celiac disease.

Age between 30’s – 50 and family history of the disease.

• A case report of anti-GAD65 antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis in children associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-II and literature review (2023)
• A 20-year study of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II and III in Taiwan (2023)
• Atypical case of Schmidt’s syndrome in a young male (2022)
• End-stage renal disease in a patient with Schmidt’s syndrome: A case report (2022)