Guillain-Barrè Syndrome (GBS)

GBS occurs when the immune system attacks part of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Though the condition can range from mild to severe, most people who develop GBS recover within 6 months to 2 years after the disease reaches its most severe state. 
There are several forms of GBS including:

• Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP)
• Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS)
• Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN)
• Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN)

AIDP is the most common form of GBS and it predominantly affects the myelin (the substance which covers and protects nerves). MFS is a less severe variant of GBS affecting the eye muscles and tendon reflexes. AMAN affects the axons of the nerves going to the muscles, while AMSAN affects the axons of both the motor and sensory nerves.

Numbness, tingling, weakness, and paralysis of the legs, arms, face, or breathing muscles, poor balance, double vision, and blurred vision.

At this point, researchers have yet to discover other conditions that coexist consistently with GBS, but this is a field of study that needs more attention.

The most common risk factor for GBS is infection from the Campylobacter jejuni bacteria. Along with this bacterial infection, other infectious diseases such as Zika virus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, and Hepatitis (A,B,C,E) have been found to precede GBS. GBS also occurs more frequently in males and its incidence increases with age.

• Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19 vaccines: A scoping review (2022)
• Guillain-Barré syndrome: expanding the concept of molecular mimicry (2022)
• COVID-19 as a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism (2023)
• Decreased Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Population-Based Study (2023)
• Dysautonomia and related outcomes in Guillain-Barre syndrome (2023)
• Increased risk of depression after Guillain-Barré syndrome (2023)