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# Global Autoimmune Institute

Empowering Solutions for Autoimmune Disease

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## Posts

- [Living with Autoimmune Gastritis: What You Need to Know ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/living-with-autoimmune-gastritis-what-you-need-to-know) - Struggling with autoimmune gastritis? Discover symptoms, triggers, and expert tips to manage this complex condition and reclaim your health and energy.
- [GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/glp-1-receptor-agonists-and-autoimmune-diseases) - If you have an autoimmune disease, should you be concerned about GLP-1 medications? Here's what experts and current research say so far.
- [Effective Communication Strategies for Those with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/effective-communication-strategies-for-patients-with-autoimmune-diseases) - For patients with autoimmune disease, management means understanding a wide range of symptoms, unpredictable disease courses, and any impacts on quality of life. But how can patients better communicate with their providers? The Global Autoimmune Institute expounds on key tips elucidated by Johannah Ruddy, M.Ed., a doctoral candidate at Campbell University and co-author of Gut
- [Autoimmunity and the Eyes: A Spotlight on Uveitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmunity-and-the-eyes-a-spotlight-on-uveitis) - Uveitis presents as inflammation inside the part of your eye called the uvea and can also affect other parts of the eye. Uveitis can involve one or both eyes and can cause pain and redness in your eye(s), as well as vision loss.
- [PANDAS, PANS, and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/pandas-pans-and-autoimmunity) - When infection sparks autoimmunity, the brain can change. Learn how PANDAS and PANS trigger sudden behavioral shifts in children.
- [Personalized Medicine for Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/personalized-medicine-for-autoimmune-diseases) - Experts like Dr. Georg Schett highlight how personalized medicine and CAR T-cell therapy could transform autoimmune treatment and long-term remission.
- [Navigating Autoimmune Care With Limited Resources](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/navigating-autoimmune-care-with-limited-resources) - Expert insights on navigating autoimmune disease with limited resources, including healthcare access, self-advocacy, support networks, and cost-saving tools.
- [A Guide to Interpreting Clinical Trial Stories](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/a-guide-to-interpreting-clinical-trial-stories) - Learn how to evaluate clinical trial news, understand research phases and results, and put medical headlines into context with expert insights.
- [The Immune Spectrum: From Autoimmunity to Cancer](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-immune-spectrum-from-autoimmunity-to-cancer) - How are autoimmune diseases and cancer connected? Learn how immune balance, inflammation, and immune dysfunction shape disease across the immune spectrum.
- [Living with Multiple Autoimmune Conditions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/living-with-multiple-autoimmune-conditions) - Learn how to manage multiple autoimmune diseases with expert insights on polyautoimmunity, symptom tracking, specialist coordination, medication management, and daily life strategies.
- [Autoimmune or Not? The Diseases That Blur the Lines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmune-or-not-the-diseases-that-blur-the-lines) - Many diseases affect the immune system without being classified as autoimmune. Experts explain why conditions like fibromyalgia, endometriosis, POTS, and Lyme disease remain difficult to categorize.
- [Finding Purpose & Fulfillment with Autoimmune and Chronic Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/finding-purpose-and-fulfillment-with-autoimmune-and-chronic-disease) - Living with autoimmune disease can reshape identity, work, and purpose. Learn how people build resilience, pursue meaningful goals, and support others.
- [Misdiagnosed and Undiagnosed: Expert Insights on the Autoimmune Diagnosis Process](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/misdiagnosed-undiagnosed-expert-insights-on-the-autoimmune-diagnosis-process) - Diagnosing autoimmune diseases is often a complex and challenging process because autoimmune diseases vary widely. Identifying patterns and clusters of symptoms can help, but autoimmunity often relates to many factors including stress, deficiencies, toxic exposures, gut and immune dysfunction. As such, autoimmunity has a tendency to go undiagnosed — or misdiagnosed. Here, the Global Autoimmune Institute speaks with Dr. Francisco Contreras, Johannah Ruddy, M.Ed, and Dr. Henri Roca about the process of diagnosing autoimmune disease.
- [Experts Discuss the Complex Path to an Autoimmune Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/experts-discuss-the-complex-path-to-an-autoimmune-diagnosis) - Unlock the mystery of autoimmune diagnosis with insights from medical experts. Learn about diverse timelines, proactive patient advocacy, and holistic approaches to unraveling the mysteries of chronic conditions.
- [Managing Mental Health with an Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/managing-mental-health-with-an-autoimmune-disease) - Mental health: it’s a discussion that our modern world is slowly beginning to embrace. Although there are many factors that can impact a person’s emotional balance, the interplay between mental health and autoimmune disease is a topic that should not be dismissed. Mental health challenges are a common experience among people with autoimmune disease and
- [What Chronic Pain Really Means](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/facts-about-chronic-pain) - Chronic pain is common, yet often misunderstood. Unlike temporary pain, it can persist for months or years, affecting daily life, mental health, and overall well-being. Because it cannot always be seen or measured, many people experience their pain being dismissed or overlooked.
- [Finding Balance in Uncertain Times](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/finding-balance-in-uncertain-times) - Uncertainty has a way of quietly shaping everyday life, especially when you’re navigating chronic illness. Questions about symptoms, treatments, access to care, and what comes next can create a constant undercurrent of stress that’s difficult to ignore.
- [Pesticide Use & the Gut Microbiome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/pesticide-use-the-gut-microbiome) - The gut microbiome is shaped by more than diet. See how pesticides and other environmental exposures may alter microbial balance and contribute to autoimmune disease risk.
- [The Relationship Between Autoimmune Disease and the Gut Microbiome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-relationship-between-autoimmune-disease-and-the-gut-microbiome) - Could the gut microbiome influence autoimmune disease? See how microbial imbalances may affect immune function, inflammation, and disease development.
- [Elimination Diets: What You Need to Know](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/elimination-diets-what-you-need-to-know) - Elimination diets are often used to manage symptoms in autoimmune disease and chronic illness. Learn how they work, their potential benefits, and when they may not be the right approach.
- [What is Processed Food?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/what-is-processed-food) - Processed foods can influence nutrition, gut health, and immune function. This article explains what processing means and how to make more informed choices in the context of overall health.
- [Restoring Immune Tolerance in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/restoring-immune-tolerance-in-autoimmune-disease) - How does immune tolerance fail in autoimmune disease? Learn how emerging therapies aim to retrain the immune system without weakening it.
- [The Immune Balancing Act: Cancer and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-immune-balancing-act-cancer-and-autoimmunity) - Cancer and autoimmune disease reflect opposite extremes of the immune system. Learn how treatments for one condition can increase risk for the other.
- [When You’ve Lost Trust in Doctors…](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/when-youve-lost-trust-in-doctors) - Have you been told “it’s just stress”? Or diagnosed as a hypochondriac? Has it taken years to find a diagnosis? Maybe you’re still searching for one. The exhaustion is real! It’s a long road to figure out what’s wrong and how to address it, without getting derailed by judgement and misdiagnoses. The experience of managing
- [Navigating Healthcare Through the Practical Lens of Telehealth](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/navigating-healthcare-through-the-practical-lens-of-telehealth) - What Is Telehealth? Telehealth refers to the strategy of providing virtual healthcare. This includes any technologies and services that physicians use to conduct appointments remotely. Another feature of telehealth is the use of communications between hospitals and clinics to bring collaborative expertise into emergency procedures. As early as the 1970s, telehealth was used to assist
- [The Chronic Search for Relief in the Medical System](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-chronic-search-for-relief-in-the-medical-system) - A book review of "Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women's Pain" by Abby Norman Physicians dismiss women’s pain more than men’s. Period. This unfortunate truth is displayed in full color detail throughout Abby Norman’s book, Ask Me About My Uterus. Raw, bold, and unflinchingly honest, her memoir flashes
- [Explained: Holistic vs Modern Western Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/explained-holistic-vs-modern-western-medicine) - When it comes to holistic medicine and approaches to health, confusion abounds. The word “holistic” is scattered across the internet, business storefronts, and packaging, but similar to the terms “natural” or “grass-fed,” its true meaning still eludes us. Consider this your guide to understanding the differences and cutting through the confusion between the modern Western
- [Autoimmune Disease Specialist Spotlight](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmune-disease-specialist-spotlight) - How to find the right doctor to treat your specific autoimmune condition and how insurance factors in Finding a specialist to treat your autoimmune symptoms can be crucial to receiving an accurate diagnosis and developing a comprehensive treatment plan. How can you find the right doctor to treat your autoimmune disease (AD), and how does
- [Autoimmune Terminology To Know For Your Next Doctor’s Appointment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmune-terminology-to-know-for-your-next-doctors-appointment) - While having guidance and support from your doctor is essential, taking control of your own health is important for planning and making informed decisions about your autoimmune disease. Being on board with the terms used to describe autoimmunity and specific diseases during your doctor’s appointments can help you receive the care you need as you
- [Navigating Health Insurance with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/navigating-health-insurance-for-autoimmune-disease-patients-expert-tips-and-resources) - With insights on how to best navigate health insurance from two experts in the field, GAI delves into the complicated process of dealing with health insurance with an autoimmune disease.
- [Understanding Late-Onset Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/understanding-late-onset-autoimmunity) - Autoimmune disease can begin later in life. Learn how immune aging, environmental exposures, and hormonal changes increase the risk of late-onset autoimmunity.
- [Chronic Illness: When You Feel Like Giving Up](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/chronic-illness-when-you-feel-like-giving-up) - When your chronic illness has put you through the wringer in terms of doctor and hospital visits, lab tests, imaging, medications, and other treatments, it’s only natural to feel defeated.
- [Food Sensitivity, Intolerance, or Allergy: What’s the Difference?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/food-sensitivity-intolerance-or-allergy-whats-the-difference) - Does your autoimmune disease come with a side of food reactions that cause symptom flare-ups? You may be part of the 15-20% of people who experience food sensitivities and intolerances. The pain and discomfort can be invisible, and are often misdiagnosed or dismissed despite their severity. These buzzwords can also cause a great deal of
- [Immunotherapy for Those with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/immunotherapy-for-those-with-autoimmune-disease) - Immunotherapy is changing autoimmune treatment by using targeted drugs and cellular therapies to reduce flare-ups and damage.
- [Tailoring Autoimmune Treatment with Precision Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/tailoring-autoimmune-treatment-with-precision-medicine) - From lupus to IBD, precision medicine uses genetics and biomarkers to personalize autoimmune treatment and advance beyond trial-and-error care.
- [Why Autoimmunity Emerges Postpartum and How to Recognize It](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/why-autoimmunity-emerges-postpartum-and-how-to-recognize-it) - Why autoimmune disease can emerge after childbirth, common postpartum autoimmune symptoms, and treatment considerations while breastfeeding.
- [How Autoimmune Disease Affects Fertility](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/how-autoimmune-disease-affects-fertility) - Infertility is more common in autoimmune disease. Discover how inflammation, hormones, and medications affect fertility and what treatments may help.
- [Pregnancy with an Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/pregnancy-with-an-autoimmune-disease) - How autoimmune disease affects pregnancy, from flare risks to medication safety, fertility, and long-term health, plus expert guidance on managing care.
- [Outbursts in Autoimmunity: Disease Flare-ups](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/outbursts-in-autoimmunity-disease-flare-ups) - Unpredictable and disruptive, autoimmune disease flare-ups can throw a wrench in your plans. Discover the answers to some of the following questions in our article: What are the potential causes and triggers for autoimmune flare-ups? What is happening in the body when flare-ups occur? What flare-ups typically occur in common autoimmune diseases? How can flare-ups
- [Aging and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/aging-and-autoimmune-disease) - What happens to the immune system during aging that could lead to an increase in autoimmune disease risk? To take a deeper look, we spoke with two experts on aging and autoimmunity: Paul Robbins, co-director of the Masonic Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism at the University of Minnesota, and Niharika Duggal, assistant professor at the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham.
- [Understanding Brain Fog in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/understanding-brain-fog-in-autoimmune-disease) - Fatigue, forgetfulness, and mental haze can all point to one culprit: immune dysfunction disrupting the brain’s clarity and focus.
- [Autoimmune Aspects of Neurodegenerative Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmune-aspects-of-neurodegenerative-diseases) - Can neurodegenerative diseases have autoimmune origins? New research suggests immune dysfunction plays a key role in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and MS.
- [The Importance of Clinical Trials for Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-importance-of-clinical-trials-for-autoimmunity) - Key highlights from GAI's presentation at the Autoimmune Warrior Conference, hosted by Aila Health GAI's Executive Director, Sandy Boek Werness speaks during Aila Health's Autoimmune Warrior Conference: LEARN MORE ABOUT AILA HEALTH HERE What is the importance of clinical trials in Autoimmune Disease? Clinical research is vital, especially in autoimmune disease, as studies directly impact
- [Body Regions Commonly Affected by Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/body-regions-commonly-affected-by-autoimmunity) - Autoimmune diseases can affect almost any part of your body and can be classified into systemic or organ-specific diseases based on their location. “The key thing is that you can actually test for an autoimmune reaction by looking at serologies in the blood,” said Gabriella Safdieh, an integrative medicine physician. “There are various serologies that
- [What Does Organic Really Mean?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/what-does-organic-really-mean-part-one) - Confused by organic labels? We break down what “organic” really means, how it’s regulated, and what it means for your food choices.
- [How Food Can Influence Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/what-does-organic-really-mean-part-two) - While diet alone cannot guarantee the prevention of autoimmune diseases, certain foods and dietary patterns are believed to support a healthy immune system and reduce the risk of autoimmune conditions.
- [Exercise and Autoimmune Disease: Evidence-Based, Low-Impact Approaches](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/exercise-and-autoimmune-disease-evidence-based-low-impact-approaches-3) - Evidence-based guidance on low-impact exercise for autoimmune disease, including benefits, precautions, flare-up strategies, and expert insights.
- [Culinary Medicine: Autoimmunity and Healthy Eating](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/culinary-medicine-autoimmunity-and-healthful-eating) - You may already know that eating a balanced diet supports a healthy lifestyle. If you have an autoimmune disease, you may also know that eating well and eliminating unhealthy foods, in addition to other beneficial habits (such as managing stress and sleeping well), may reduce the risk of developing unwanted signs and symptoms. Examples of
- [The Promise of Artificial Intelligence in Autoimmune Disease Healthcare](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-promise-of-ai-in-autoimmune-disease-from-early-detection-to-personalized-care) - GAI consults experts to discuss how AI appears to be a transformative tool in the realm of medical research and care, but potential ethical consequences remain.
- [The Stages of Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-stages-of-autoimmunity) - Autoimmune disease develops in stages, from silent immune changes to clinical symptoms. Learn how genetics, inflammation, and immune regulation shape disease over time.
- [What Not to Say to Someone with a Chronic Illness](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/what-not-to-say-to-someone-with-a-chronic-illness) - If you know someone—a friend, parent, sibling, patient, coworker—with a chronic or invisible illness like autoimmune disease, you may be unsure of how to talk to them, and how to respond appropriately in regards to their health. It can be tricky, especially since good intentions are often drowned out by poor word choice. You may
- [COVID-19 and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/covid-19-autoimmune-disease) - *Updated OCTOBER 24, 2020 Visit our evolving timeline for updates on COVID-19 as it relates to autoimmune disease. For an in-depth look at the relationship between the virus and autoimmunity, check out COVID-19 and Autoimmune Disease: What We Know Now. Looking for resources on COVID-19 and autoimmune disease, holistic health, and mental health? Scroll down
- [Understanding Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/understanding-long-covid) - Long-term effects from COVID-19 fall into several categories, making it difficult to identify when the normal recovery period ends and long COVID begins.
- [Vaccines, COVID-19, & Autoimmune Disease: New Developments](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/vaccines-covid-19-autoimmune-disease-new-developments) - For up-to-date information and more answers, check out our COVID Vaccine & Autoimmune Disease FAQ Since the start of the pandemic, researchers and health officials alike have wondered about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on autoimmune disease. Are people with autoimmune disease more susceptible to severe COVID symptoms? What are the vaccine recommendations, and are people
- [COVID Vaccine: Side Effects in Women & the Purpose of Two Doses](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/covid-vaccine-side-effects-in-women-the-purpose-of-two-doses) - Retrospective hospital analyses and cohort studies have shown that people with autoimmune disease are not more susceptible to severe COVID-19 symptoms. Moreover, health experts now offer concrete recommendations for autoimmune disease patients about the COVID-19 vaccine. What do we understand about vaccine side effects in the general population, and how does it parallel outcomes for
- [4 Myths about Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/4-myths-about-autoimmune-disease) - Brush up on your knowledge as we thoughtfully address four myths about autoimmune disease, including: There is a cure for autoimmune disease One treatment should work for everyone If my family member has an autoimmune disease, I will get that same disease Autoimmune disease is caused by stress Myth #1: There is a cure for
- [Autoimmune vs Autoinflammatory Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmune-vs-autoinflammatory-disease) - Autoimmune disease and autoinflammatory disease are two categories of illnesses that occur when the immune system mistakenly damages healthy cells. Although these inflammatory disorders share many commonalities, there are key features that make them unique.
- [Patient-Powered Surveys Help Generate New Data About Long Covid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/patient-powered-surveys-help-generate-new-data-about-long-covid) - A look at Long Covid surveys Nearly three years into the pandemic, the long-term impacts of COVID-19 continue to unfold in real time. Now, communities and medical experts are grappling with an alarming reality: COVID-19 can trigger serious and long-lasting health complications in a significant number of people. The increasingly prevalent illness that follows COVID-19
- [Global Perspectives on Long Covid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/global-perspectives-on-long-covid) - Insights from South Africa, Pakistan, the U.S., and the U.K. Innovative research programs around the world confront a health crisis in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Some 43 percent of people infected with Covid-19 develop Long Covid, which means at least 200 million people have had or currently have the condition, according to the
- [Is Long Covid a New Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/is-long-covid-a-new-autoimmune-disease) - A pathologist weighs in on the latest research involving the link between autoimmunity and Long Covid The more we learn about Long COVID—one of the terms for the health problems that appear or worsen in some people weeks to months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection—the more confusing the picture becomes. The disease can cause a dizzying
- [Autoimmunity on the Rise](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/autoimmunity-on-the-rise) - With autoimmune biomarkers (substances in the body that can be measured in order to help determine the intensity of a disease or other physiological state) increasing in prevalence, some researchers are looking at the association between autoimmunity and environmental factors like microplastics to explain this trend. The best guess that current research literature has is
- [Comparing the World's Leading COVID-19 Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/comparing-the-worlds-leading-covid-19-vaccines) - Charting the research and development of authorized COVID-19 vaccines The following information is accurate to the best of our knowledge through August 2022. We are no longer updating this page, but will continue updating the Covid News & Autoimmune Disease timeline with pertinent research. Over 100 vaccines have been created to combat SARS-CoV-2. This chart
- [Inflammation: A Driving Force of Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/inflammation-a-driving-force-of-autoimmune-disease) - An abnormal inflammatory response is involved in the majority of acute and chronic conditions, with strong evidence linking chronic inflammation to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease (1,2,3).
- [Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/probiotics-prebiotics-and-autoimmune-disease) - The idea of probiotics and prebiotics as part of a wellness routine has recently increased in popularity. The internet and social media platforms share a plethora of claims on the benefits of their consumption; however, many claims require a discerning eye in regard to scientific evidence.
- [Comorbidities in Autoimmune Disease & Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/comorbidities-in-autoimmune-disease-multiple-autoimmune-syndrome) - The co-occurrence of more than two autoimmune diseases within the same person is known but only partly understood. The combination of two autoimmune diseases is called polyautoimmunity with common examples being systemic lupus erythematosus with Sjögren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune thyroiditis (1, 2). The combination of three or more autoimmune diseases is called
- [How do Cold Temperatures Affect Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/how-do-cold-temperatures-affect-autoimmune-disease) - During the fall and winter months, cold temperatures can exacerbate many disease symptoms. Sensitivity to temperature fluctuations is a problem common to many autoimmune conditions, with the cold activating flare-ups of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, arthritis, and psoriasis. This is especially true when temperature changes are extreme. Although scientists have described cold weather
- [How Sex & Genetics Influence Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/how-sex-genetics-influence-autoimmunity) - “There are very few conditions besides autoimmunity which have such remarkable differences in sex bias” says Veena Taneja of the Mayo Clinic, who is currently working with rheumatoid arthritis-associated bacteria in mouse models to define sex-specific responses and mechanisms. The reasons for such disparities are not fully understood, but Taneja says genetics, epigenetics, hormones, environmental
- [Stay Cool: How to Manage Autoimmune Flare-ups in Hot Temperatures](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/stay-cool-how-to-manage-autoimmune-flare-ups-in-hot-temperatures) - With summer around the corner, many people with an autoimmune disease are concerned that hot temperatures will trigger flare-ups. While warmer conditions and sunlight can provide relief for some people, heat and humidity can worsen signs and symptoms and lead to uncomfortable outbursts in others. This article will discuss some of the diseases aggravated by
- [Nanotechnology Breakthroughs in Autoimmune Disease Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/nanotechnology-breakthroughs-in-autoimmune-disease-treatment) - Could nanoparticles transform autoimmune care? Scientists are testing ways to deliver drugs with precision, restore immune tolerance, and improve early diagnosis.
- [Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/stem-cell-therapy-for-autoimmune-disease) - From immune reset to tissue repair, stem cell therapy is reshaping autoimmune care with clinical trials and emerging treatments for difficult diseases.
- [Decoding the Role of Autoantibodies in Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/decoding-the-role-of-autoantibodies-in-autoimmunity) - Learn what autoantibodies are, how they form, when they cause harm, and how doctors use them to diagnose, track, and manage autoimmune diseases.
- [Vitiligo: What We Know and What We Don’t Know](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/vitiligo-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-know) - Discover what causes vitiligo, its types, symptoms, and treatment options. Learn how this autoimmune disease impacts skin health and emotional well-being.
- [What is the Microbiome and Why is it Important?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/what-is-the-microbiome-and-why-is-it-important) - Scientists say the microbiome is central to human health. Learn why gut microbes are likely linked to autoimmune diseases and chronic illness.
- [Debunking Herd Immunity: A Review of We Want Them Infected](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/debunking-herd-immunity-a-review-of-we-want-them-infected) - A critical look at the Great Barrington Declaration, exposing the risks of herd immunity strategies and the spread of harmful COVID-19 misinformation.
- [A Guide for Immunocompromised Individuals in a Post-Pandemic World](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/a-guide-for-immunocompromised-individuals-in-a-post-pandemic-world) - Learn how immunocompromised individuals can navigate mask-wearing, protect their health, and manage social challenges in a post-pandemic world.
- [Innovative Diagnostic Techniques for Detecting Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/innovative-diagnostic-techniques-for-detecting-autoimmune-diseases) - New biomarkers, imaging methods, wearables, and AI advancements. Learn how these technologies improve diagnosis.
- [The Vital Role of Caregivers in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-vital-role-of-caregivers-in-autoimmune-disease) - Caring for someone with autoimmune disease? Get expert-backed strategies to support your loved one and protect your own well-being along the way.
- [Is Your Oral Microbiome Fueling Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/is-your-oral-microbiome-fueling-autoimmune-disease) - How do oral bacteria influence autoimmune disease? Learn about oral dysbiosis, key microbes, and what it means for your immune system.
- [Agent Orange and Beyond: How Military Toxins Can Trigger Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/agent-orange-and-beyond-how-military-toxins-can-trigger-autoimmune-diseases) - In the annals of military history, many battles were not only fought on foreign soil but within the bodies of the service-men and -women themselves. This invisible warfare was instigated by the exposure to various toxins, often used as weapons or as unintended byproducts of military operations. With insights from Mary Stout, who served two
- [Untangling a Complex Web: How to Categorize Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/untangling-a-complex-web-how-to-categorize-autoimmune-disease) - Advancements in autoimmunity reveal more about immune system malfunctions and disease triggers though diagnosis and classification remains complex.
- [Biologics for Autoimmune Disease: What You Should Know](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/biologics-for-autoimmune-disease-what-you-should-know) - How biologics work to treat autoimmune diseases, their benefits, risks, costs, and what to expect if your doctor prescribes one.
- [Gut-Skin Connection: How Your Microbiome Impacts Autoimmune Skin Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/gut-skin-connection-how-your-microbiome-impacts-autoimmune-skin-diseases) - Explore the gut-skin axis—how gut microbes impact skin health, autoimmune skin conditions, and ways diet and probiotics support a balanced microbiome.
- [CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing: Revolutionizing Autoimmune Disease Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/crispr-cas9-gene-editing-revolutionizing-autoimmune-disease-treatment) - Discover how CRISPR/Cas9 technology is revolutionizing the treatment of autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Type 1 Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis through targeted gene editing and precise DNA repair mechanisms.
- [Allergies and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/allergies-and-autoimmunity) - Allergies and autoimmune diseases are both conditions that result from an inappropriate immune response. “In the case of autoimmunity, it is an inappropriate response to a self-antigen, while in the case of allergy it is an inappropriate response to a harmless environmental antigen, such as grass pollen or cat dander” said Steven F. Ziegler, the
- [Beyond Genes and Smoking: 5 More Triggers That Heighten Autoimmune Disease Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/beyond-genes-and-smoking-5-more-triggers-that-heighten-autoimmune-disease-risk) - Learn more about how pathogen influences, dysbiosis, dietary impacts, environmental triggers, and stress connections increase your risk of developing an autoimmune disease.
- [Infection and Immunity: Turning the Lens on Microbes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/infection-and-immunity-turning-the-lens-on-microbes) - Infections can influence the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. In order to understand the intricate relationship between infections and autoimmune diseases, it is crucial to take microbial influence on autoimmunity into perspective. Infection – the invasion of a body system or organ by microbes – has been known as a key player in autoimmune
- [What Is Gratitude?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/what-is-gratitude) - It’s been on the shortlist for buzzword of the year for quite some time, conjuring up images of peaceful, cross-legged yogis and hands pressed together in prayer. But how many of us know what it truly means and why it can lead to improvements in our mental and physical health? Gratitude may be thought of
- [Breaking the Silence: Navigating Stigma and Shared Challenges in Long Covid and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/breaking-the-silence-navigating-stigma-and-shared-challenges-in-long-covid-and-autoimmune-disease) - “The hope is that the floodgates will open and that other people with invisible illnesses will be able to come to the table and talk about their invisible symptoms and be welcomed and embraced,” says James C. Jackson, Director of Long-Term Outcomes at the ICU Recovery Center at Vanderbilt University.
- [The Global Landscape of Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-global-landscape-of-autoimmune-disease) - The exact percentage of the world’s population affected by autoimmune diseases is not well documented. Worldwide inequities and gaps in access to healthcare and data mean that the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases can differ significantly, which is a prime reason that much remains unknown. A broader lack of awareness around the burden of autoimmune disease is also a contributing factor.
- [The Importance of Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/bridging-hope-and-science-the-importance-of-autoimmune-disease-research) - What triggers autoimmunity? What drives its manifestations? Why do some succumb while others remain unscathed? And could restoring immune tolerance hold the key to salvation?
- [Age, Ethnicity, and Unexpected Connections in Autoimmune Risk Factors](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/age-ethnicity-and-unexpected-connections-in-autoimmune-risk-factors) - In the first two parts of this article series, we discussed factors that may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases or the occurrence of flare-ups of existing ones. We highlighted genetic susceptibility, gender and sex, lifestyle habits, medications, microbial imbalances, and stress, among other triggers. Our review continues with three additional risk factor categories, including age, ethnicity, and diseases that are not related to autoimmune diseases.
- [Stress & Autoimmune Disease: Navigating the Complex Relationship](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/stress-autoimmune-disease-navigating-the-complex-relationship) - Stress is a powerful and often underestimated force that can significantly impact our overall health, particularly when it comes to autoimmune diseases. While stress can sometimes act as a motivator, chronic and intense stress can lead to a cascade of negative health effects, particularly by disrupting the immune system's delicate balance.
- [Understanding Autoimmune Disease in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/understanding-autoimmune-disease-in-children) - Autoimmune disease can be tricky to spot, especially in children. Early diagnosis, however, is crucial for managing these conditions.
- [The Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/the-role-of-epigenetics-in-autoimmune-disease) - How DNA modifications impact gene expression, immune regulation, and future therapies.
- [COVID-19 & Autoimmune Disease: What We Know Now](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/covid-19-autoimmune-disease-what-we-know-now) - While the world at large is still getting a handle on exactly how the coronavirus spreads, what causes COVID-19, and why it affects some people with autoimmune disease, what we know now is still a far cry from what we knew at the start.
- [Examining Pre-Autoimmunity: Can Autoimmune Disease Be Prevented?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/examining-pre-autoimmunity-can-autoimmune-disease-be-prevented) - The period between the onset of asymptomatic autoimmunity and the development of symptomatic disease is referred to as “pre-clinical” autoimmunity, as the appearance of autoantibodies precedes most autoimmune diseases. While there is currently no way to prevent someone from developing an autoimmune disease, there are promising advancements in scientific discovery.
- [CAR T-Cell Therapy For Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/car-t-cell-therapy-for-autoimmune-disease) - What CAR T-cell therapy means for the future of autoimmune disease treatment Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). The most well-known ARDs are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus), rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjögren’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. New research presented
- [Is Long COVID an Autoimmune Disease? Is SARS-CoV-2 an Autoimmune Virus?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/articles/is-long-covid-an-autoimmune-disease-is-sars-cov-2-an-autoimmune-virus) - A comparative look at the overlap between COVID-19 infection and autoimmunity, and the science behind it A lack of diagnosing and misdiagnosing makes it nearly impossible to calculate a true estimate for how many people live with an autoimmune disease (AD). As AD cases continue to be on the rise, there is an even more

## Pages

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- [Autoimmune Disease Competency Exam - 5 questions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-disease-competency-exam-5-questions/) - Autoimmune Disease Competency Exam Abbreviated Version · 5 questions ·
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- [Nature Outlook on Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/nature-outlook-on-autoimmune-disease/) - Nature Outlook issue on Autoimmune Disease In July 2021, GAI funded the Nature Outlook on Autoimmune Disease, a landmark collection published by Nature. This special issue brought international attention to the latest research, clinical challenges, and patient perspectives in autoimmunity. By supporting this initiative, GAI ensured that autoimmune disease was featured on a global stage
- [Autoimmune Chats & Expert Talks](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-chats-expert-talks/) - July 8, 2026 » Watch expert talks and webinars on autoimmune disease, from research breakthroughs to real-world implications for the community.
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- [Lectures, Empowerment, and Awareness for Autoimmune Disease (LEAD) Day](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/lead-day/) - In recognition of Autoimmune Disease Awareness Month, GAI was proud to support the inaugural LEAD Day at LJI on March 6, 2025.
- [01 - Sample page](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/01-sample-page/)
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- [Understanding COVID and Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid-long-covid/) - Discover essential insights and explore the latest research, resources, and support for managing long-term effects and autoimmune complications.
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- [Effective Communication Strategies for Healthcare Providers of those with Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/effective-communication-strategies/) - Learn effective communication strategies for autoimmune patients. Improve doctor-patient interactions, manage symptoms better, and enhance healthcare communication skills.
- [COVID-19 Vaccine & Autoimmune Disease FAQ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid-vax-faq/) - Get answers to common COVID-19 vaccine questions for autoimmune patients. Learn about vaccine safety, recommendations, and guidance for autoimmune conditions.
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## A-Z List Directory

- [Adult-onset Still's disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/adult-onset-stills-disease/) - Is Still's disease an autoimmune disease? Is it the same thing as juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Learn more about this rare systemic inflammatory disease.
- [Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-stills/) - Is juvenile idiopathic arthritis an autoimmune disease? Learn more about JIA symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Autoimmune autonomic disorders (autoimmune dysautonomia)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-autonomic-disorders-autoimmune-dysautonomia/) - Autoimmune autonomic disorders (also called autoimmune dysautonomia) are a group of conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks components of the autonomic nervous system.
- [Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-autonomic-ganglionopathy/) - Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder and one of the best-characterized forms of autoimmune dysautonomia.
- [Leukocytoclastic vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/leukocytoclastic-vasculitis/) - Is Leukocytoclastic vasculitis an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Autoimmune vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-vasculitis/) - Autoimmune vasculitis refers to a group of autoimmune diseases in which the immune system mistakenly attacks blood vessels, causing inflammation that can damage tissues and organs.
- [Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/mucous-membrane-pemphigoid/) - Is Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Bullous pemphigoid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/bullous-pemphigoid/) - Is bullous pemphigoid an autoimmune disease? Learn more about the symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis/) - Is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) an autoimmune disease? Learn more about the condition that causes widespread inflammation and damage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord.
- [Autoimmune encephalitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-encephalitis/) - Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of inflammatory brain diseases in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells or proteins involved in normal brain function, leading to inflammation and neurological symptoms.
- [Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-disease-mogad/) - Is MOGAD an autoimmune disease? Learn about myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE, Hurst’s disease)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/hursts-disease/) - Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst’s disease) symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Autoimmune myocarditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-myocarditis/) - Autoimmune myocarditis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune myocarditis and how it impacts those affected
- [Takayasu arteritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/takayasu-arteritis/) - Is Takayasu arteritis an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome/) - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Pemphigoid gestationis (herpes gestationis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pemphigoid-gestationis/) - Pemphigoid gestationis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Pemphigoid gestationis and how it impacts those affected
- [Pemphigus foliaceus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pemphigus-foliaceus/) - Pemphigus foliaceus symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Pemphigus foliaceus and how it impacts those affected
- [Pemphigus vulgaris](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pemphigus-vulgaris/) - Pemphigus Vulgaris symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Pemphigus Vulgaris and how it impacts those affected
- [CREST syndrome (limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/crest-syndrome/) - CREST syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about CREST Syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Mixed connective tissue disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/) - Mixed Connective Tissue Disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Undifferentiated connective tissue disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/undifferentiated-connective-tissue-disease/) - Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Progesterone dermatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-progesterone-dermatitis/) - Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Goodpasture’s syndrome (Anti-GBM disease)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/goodpastures-syndrome/) - Anti-GBM disease (Goodpasture’s syndrome) symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Myositis/polymyositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/polymyositis/) - Polymyositis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Polymyositis and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (immune thrombocytopenia)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/immune-thrombocytopenia/) - Immune thrombocytopenia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Churg-Strauss syndrome (Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, EGPA)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/churg-strauss-syndrome/) - Churg-Strauss syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Churg-Strauss syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Dressler’s syndrome (Postmyocardial infarction syndrome)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/dresslers-syndrome/) - Dressler’s syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Dressler’s syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Fibrosing alveolitis (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/fibrosing-alveolitis/) - Is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) an autoimmune disease? Learn about IPF symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and current research.
- [Parsonage-Turner syndrome (brachial neuritis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/parsonage-turner-syndrome/) - Parsonage-Turner syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Parsonage-Turner syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/scleroderma/) - Scleroderma symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Scleroderma and how it impacts those affected
- [Microscopic colitis (lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/microscopic-colitis/) - Is microscopic colitis an autoimmune disease? Learn about its two forms, lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis, including symptoms, risk factors and more.
- [Autoimmune urticaria (chronic spontaneous urticaria)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/chronic-urticaria/) - Is autoimmune urticaria an autoimmune disease? Learn about autoimmune urticaria symptoms, coexisting diseases, risk factors, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-polyglandular-syndromes/) - Is autoimmune polyglandular syndrome autoimmune? Learn about APS symptoms, types, coexisting diseases, risk factors, prevalence, and the latest research.
- [Addison’s disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-addisons-disease/) - Is Addison’s disease an autoimmune disease? Learn about Addison’s disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Pars planitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pars-planitis/) - Is pars planitis an autoimmune disease? Learn about pars planitis symptoms, risk factors, associated conditions, and more.
- [Autoimmune uveitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-uveitis/) - Is autoimmune uveitis an autoimmune disease? Learn about autoimmune uveitis (noninfectious immune-mediated uveitis), including symptoms, risk factors, and more.
- [Autoimmune gastritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-gastritis/) - Autoimmune gastritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune gastritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/opsoclonus-myoclonus-syndrome/) - Is opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome an autoimmune disease? Learn about OMS symptoms, causes, risk factors, coexisting conditions, and the latest research.
- [Multifocal motor neuropathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/multifocal-motor-neuropathy/) - Is Multifocal motor neuropathy an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS, PANDAS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pans-pandas/) - Are PANS or PANDAS autoimmune diseases? Learn more about pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome symptoms, risk factors, and recent research.
- [Sydenham’s chorea](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/sydenhams-chorea/) - Sydenham’s chorea symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Sydenham’s chorea and how it impacts those affected
- [Ligneous conjunctivitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/ligneous-conjunctivitis/) - Is ligneous conjunctivitis an autoimmune disease? Learn about the symptoms, associated conditions, risk factors, and recent research on this rare inflammatory eye disorder.
- [Mooren's ulcer](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/moorens-ulcer/) - Is Mooren’s ulcer an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA, Mucha-Habermann disease)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pityriasis-lichenoides-et-varioliformis-acuta-pleva/) - Is PLEVA (Mucha-Habermann disease) an autoimmune disease? Learn about PLEVA symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and current research.
- [IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/iga-nephropathy/) - Is IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) an autoimmune disease? Learn about IgA nephropathy symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and current research.
- [Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener’s granulomatosis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/wegeners/) - Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener’s granulomatosis) symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis, Horton’s disease)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/giant-cell-arteritis-temporal-arteritis-hortons-disease/) - Is giant cell arteritis (GCA) an autoimmune disease? Learn about giant cell arteritis symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and current research.
- [Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/primary-biliary-cirrhosis/) - Is primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) an autoimmune disease? Learn about PBC symptoms, risk factors, associated conditions, diagnosis, treatment, and current research.
- [Ulcerative colitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/ulcerative-colitis/) - Ulcerative Colitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Ulcerative Colitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Crohn's disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/crohns-disease/) - Crohn's disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Crohn's disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Type 1 diabetes (T1D)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/type-1-diabetes-insulin-dependent-diabetes/) - Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Thyroid eye disease (Graves’ ophthalmopathy, thyroid-associated orbitopathy)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/thyroid-eye-disease-graves-ophthalmopathy-thyroid-associated-orbitopathy/) - Is thyroid eye disease an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune orchitis (testicular autoimmunity)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/testicular-autoimmunity/) - Testicular Autoimmunity symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Testicular Autoimmunity and how it impacts those affected
- [Raynaud’s](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/raynauds-syndrome/) - Raynaud’s Syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Raynaud’s Syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome/) - Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Parry-Romberg syndrome (progressive hemifacial atrophy)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/parry-romberg-syndrome/) - Parry-Romberg syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Parry-Romberg syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Optic neuritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/optic-neuritis/) - Is Optic neuritis an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic’s disease)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/neuromyelitis-optica/) - Devic's disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Devic's disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/me-cfs/) - Chronic fatigue syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Chronic fatigue syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/microscopic-polyangiitis-anca-associated-vasculitis/) - Microscopic polyangiitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Microscopic polyangiitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Lichen planus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/lichen-planus/) - Lichen Planus symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about [Lichen Planus and how it impacts those affected
- [Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (autoimmune thyroiditis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/hashimotos-thyroiditis/) - Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (autoimmune thyroiditis) symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/guillain-barre-syndrome/) - Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Eosinophilic esophagitis (eosinophilic gastroenteritis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/eosinophilic-esophagitis/) - Eosinophilic esophagitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Eosinophilic esophagitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Eczema (atopic dermatitis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/eczema/) - Eczema symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Eczema and how it impacts those affected
- [Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyneuropathy/) - Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and how it impacts those affected
- [Baló disease (concentric sclerosis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/balo-disease/) - Balo Disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Balo Disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune interstitial lung disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-interstitial-lung-disease/) - Learn about autoimmune interstitial lung disease, its symptoms, causes, and connection to conditions like RA, scleroderma, and lupus.
- [Autoimmune hypophysitis (lymphocytic hypophysitis)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-hypophysitis/) - Lymphocytic hypophysitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Lymphocytic hypophysitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Narcolepsy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/narcolepsy/) - Is Narcolepsy an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Acquired hemophilia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/acquired-hemophilia/) - Acquired Hemophilia overview, including symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment options, and recent research.
- [Transverse myelitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/transverse-myelitis/) - Is transverse myelitis an autoimmune disease? This neurological condition involves spinal cord inflammation that can disrupt movement, sensation, and bladder or bowel function.
- [Celiac disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/celiac-disease/) - Celiac disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Celiac disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune hepatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-hepatitis/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune Hepatitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Dermatitis herpetiformis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/dermatitis-herpetiformis/) - Dermatitis herpetiformis is an itchy skin rash linked to celiac disease. Find out about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment with a gluten-free diet.
- [Sjögren disease (SjD)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/sjogren-syndrome/) - Sjögren disease, formerly Sjögren’s syndrome, is an autoimmune disease. Learn about symptoms, risks, coexisting conditions, and new research.
- [Pernicious anemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pernicious-anemia/) - Is Pernicious anemia an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Juvenile myositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/juvenile-myositis/) - Is juvenile myositis an autoimmune disease? Find symptoms, causes, coexisting conditions, and risk factors of this rare autoimmune muscle disease.
- [Cronkhite-Canada syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/cronkhite-canada-syndrome/) - Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Polymyalgia rheumatica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/polymyalgia-rheumatica/) - Polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Polymyalgia rheumatica and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune angioedema](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-angioedema/) - Is Autoimmune angioedema an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Endometriosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/endometriosis/) - Endometriosis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Endometriosis and how it impacts those affected
- [Amyloidosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/amyloidosis/) - Is Amyloidosis an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Pyoderma gangrenosum](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pyoderma-gangrenosum/) - Is Pyoderma gangrenosum an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Fibromyalgia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/fibromyalgia/) - Is Fibromyalgia an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Giant cell myocarditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/giant-cell-myocarditis/) - Is Giant cell myocarditis an autoimmune disease? Learn more about symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research.
- [Cogan's syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/cogan-syndrome/) - Cogan syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Cogan syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Kawasaki disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/kawasaki-disease/)
- [Psoriasis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/psoriasis/) - Psoriasis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Psoriasis and how it impacts those affected
- [Rheumatoid arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/rheumatoid-arthritis/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Rheumatoid Arthritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Rheumatic fever](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/rheumatic-fever/) - Rheumatic Fever symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Rheumatic Fever and how it impacts those affected
- [Pure red cell aplasia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/pure-red-cell-aplasia/) - Pure Red Cell Aplasia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Pure Red Cell Aplasia and how it impacts those affected
- [Psoriatic arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/psoriatic-arthritis/) - Psoriatic Arthritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Psoriatic Arthritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Myasthenia gravis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/myasthenia-gravis/) - Myasthenia Gravis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Myasthenia Gravis and how it impacts those affected
- [Multiple sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/multiple-sclerosis/) - Multiple Sclerosis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Multiple Sclerosis and how it impacts those affected
- [Lyme disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/lyme-disease/) - Lyme Disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Lyme Disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Lupus nephritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/lupus-nephritis/) - Lupus Nephritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Lupus Nephritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Inclusion body myositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/inclusion-body-myositis/) - Inclusion Body Myositis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Inclusion Body Myositis and how it impacts those affected
- [IgG4-related sclerosing disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/igg4-related-sclerosing-disease/) - IgG4-related sclerosing disease (ISD) symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about IgG4-related sclerosing disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Erythema nodosum](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/erythema-nodosum/) - Erythema Nodosum symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Erythema Nodosum and how it impacts those affected
- [Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/cryptogenic-organizing-pneumonia/) - Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia and how it impacts those affected
- [Alopecia areata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/alopecia-areata/) - Alopecia Areata symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Alopecia Areata and how it impacts those affected
- [Ankylosing spondylitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/ankylosing-spondylitis/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Ankylosing Spondylitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Antiphospholipid syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/antiphospholipid-syndrome/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Antiphospholipid Syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Aplastic anemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/aplastic-anemia/) - Aplastic Anemia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Aplastic Anemia and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune retinopathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-retinopathy/) - Autoimmune Retinopathy symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune Retinopathy and how it impacts those affected
- [Vitiligo](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/vitiligo/) - Vitiligo symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Vitiligo and how it impacts those affected
- [Small fiber sensory neuropathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/small-fiber-sensory-neuropathy/) - Small fiber sensory neuropathy symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Small fiber sensory neuropathy and how it impacts those affected
- [Scleritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/scleritis/) - Scleritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Scleritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Schmidt syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/schmidt-syndrome/) - Schmidt syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Schmidt syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Sarcoidosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/sarcoidosis/) - Sarcoidosis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Sarcoidosis and how it impacts those affected
- [Relapsing polychondritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/relapsing-polychondritis/) - Relapsing polychondritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Relapsing polychondritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Reactive arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/reactive-arthritis/) - Reactive arthritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Reactive arthritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Primary sclerosing cholangitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/) - Primary sclerosing cholangitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Primary sclerosing cholangitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/paroxysmal-nocturnal-hemoglobinuria/) - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and how it impacts those affected
- [Paraneoplastic pemphigus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/paraneoplastic-pemphigus/) - Paraneoplastic pemphigus symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Paraneoplastic pemphigus and how it impacts those affected
- [Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/paraneoplastic-cerebellar-degeneration/) - Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and how it impacts those affected
- [Palmoplantar pustulosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/palmoplantar-pustulosis/) - Palmoplantar pustulosis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Palmoplantar pustulosis and how it impacts those affected
- [Palindromic rheumatism](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/palindromic-rheumatism/) - Palindromic rheumatism symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Palindromic rheumatismand how it impacts those affected
- [Polyarteritis nodosa](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/polyarteritis-nodosa/) - Polyarteritis nodosa symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Polyarteritis nodosa and how it impacts those affected
- [POEMS syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/poems-syndrome/) - POEMS syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about POEMS syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Ménière’s disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/menierers-disease/) - Ménière’s disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Ménière’s disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Linear IgA disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/linear-igadisease/) - Linear IgA disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Linear IgA disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Lichen sclerosus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/lichen-sclerosus/) - Lichen sclerosus symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Lichen sclerosus and how it impacts those affected
- [Interstitial cystitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/interstitial-cystitis/) - Interstitial cystitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Interstitial cystitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/immune-mediated-necrotizing-myopathy/) - Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy and how it impacts those affected
- [Hypogammaglobulinemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/hypogammaglobulinemia/) - Hypogammaglobulinemia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Hypogammaglobulinemia and how it impacts those affected
- [Hidradenitis suppurativa](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/hidradenitis-suppurativa/) - Hidradenitis suppurativa symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Hidradenitis suppurativa and how it impacts those affected
- [Henoch-Schonlein purpura](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/henoch-schonlein-purpura/) - Henoch-Schonlein purpura symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Henoch-Schonlein purpura and how it impacts those affected
- [Graves' disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/graves-disease/) - Graves' disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Graves' disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Glomerulonephritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/glomerulonephritis/) - Glomerulonephritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Glomerulonephritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Evans syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/evans-syndrome/) - Evans syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about [Evans syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/essential-mixed-cryoglobulinemia/) - Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and how it impacts those affected
- [Eosinophilic fasciitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/eosinophilic-fasciitis/) - Eosinophilic fasciitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Eosinophilic fasciitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Discoid lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/discoid-lupus/) - Discoid lupus symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Discoid lupus and how it impacts those affected
- [Dermatomyositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/dermatomyositis/) - Dermatomyositis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Dermatomyositis and how it impacts those affected
- [Cold agglutinin disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/cold-agglutinin-disease/) - Cold agglutinin disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Cold agglutinin disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Chagas disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/chagas-disease/) - Chagas disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Chagas disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Castleman disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/castleman-disease/) - Castleman disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Castleman disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Birdshot chorioretinopathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/birdshot-chorioretinopathy/) - Birdshot chorioretinopathy symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Birdshot chorioretinopathy and how it impacts those affected
- [Behçet’s disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/behcets/) - Behçet’s disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Behçet’s disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune sudden sensorineural hearing loss](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-sudden-sensorineural-hearing-loss/) - Autoimmune sudden sensorineural hearing loss symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune sudden sensorineural hearing loss and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune pancreatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-pancreatitis/) - Autoimmune pancreatitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune pancreatitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune oophoritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-oophoritis/) - Autoimmune oophoritis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune oophoritis and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune myelofibrosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-myelofibrosis/) - Autoimmune myelofibrosis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune myelofibrosis and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-lymphoproliferative-syndrome/) - Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune inner ear disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease/) - Autoimmune inner ear disease symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune inner ear disease and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune hyperlipidemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-hyperlipidemia/) - Autoimmune hyperlipidemia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune hyperlipidemia and how it impacts those affected
- [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia/) - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and how it impacts those affected
- [Arteriosclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/arteriosclerosis/) - Arteriosclerosis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Arteriosclerosis and how it impacts those affected
- [Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis/) - Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about [Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and how it impacts those affected
- [Agammaglobulinemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/agammaglobulinemia/) - Agammaglobulinemia symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Agammaglobulinemia and how it impacts those affected
- [Acromegaly](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/acromegaly/) - Acromegaly symptoms, risk factors, coexisting diseases, prevalence, and recent research. Learn more about Acromegaly and how it impacts those affected.

## Medical Institutions

- [Columbia Doctors Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/columbiadoctors-neurology/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Columbia Doctors Immunology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/columbiadoctors-immunology/) - Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
- [Columbia Doctors Ear, Nose & Throat](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/columbiadoctors-ear-nose-throat/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Sjögren Syndrome
- [Columbia Doctors Digestive & Liver Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/columbiadoctors-digestive-liver-disorders/) - Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Stanford Neuroscience Health Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/stanford-neuroscience-health-center/) - Spondyloarthritis
- [Stanford Health Care Multispecialty Clinic in Emeryville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/stanford-health-care-multispecialty-clinic-in-emeryville/) - Amyloidosis, Glomerulonephritis, Lupus Nephritis
- [Stanford Dermatology Clinic in Livermore](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/stanford-dermatology-clinic-in-livermore/) - Psoriasis
- [Pain Management Center at Stanford Medicine Outpatient Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pain-management-center-at-stanford-medicine-outpatient-center/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Abramson Cancer Center Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/abramson-cancer-center-cherry-hill/) - Amyloidosis
- [Abramson Cancer Center Chester County Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/abramson-cancer-center-chester-county-hospital/) - Amyloidosis
- [Westwood Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/westwood-specialty-care/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis
- [Westwood Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/westwood-digestive-diseases/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [West Hills Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/west-hills-digestive-diseases/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Westwood Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/westwood-neurology/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Westwood Pediatrics](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/westwood-pediatrics/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Westlake Village Triunfo Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/westlake-village-triunfo-primary-specialty-care/) - Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Glomerulonephritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Lupus Nephritis, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis
- [West Hills Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/west-hills-primary-specialty-care/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Vestibular Balance Disorders Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vestibular-balance-disorders-program/) - Ménière's disease
- [Vasculitis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vasculitis-center/) - Behçet’s Disease, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Cryoglobulinemia, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Takayasu's arteritis
- [Vascular Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vascular-center/) - Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Takayasu's arteritis
- [UCI Health Digestive Disease Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/uci-health-digestive-disease-center/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [UCI Health Digestive Disease Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/uci-health-digestive-disease-center-3/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-santa-monica-medical-center/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [UCLA Neurology Outpatient Clinic at Westwood](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-neurology-outpatient-clinic-at-westwood/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Ménière's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Transverse Myelitis
- [UCLA Neurology Outpatient Clinic at Santa Monica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-neurology-outpatient-clinic-at-santa-monica/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Ménière's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Transverse Myelitis
- [Ventura Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ventura-primary-specialty-care/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Giant Cell Arteritis, Glomerulonephritis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-mattel-childrens-hospital/) - Behçet’s Disease, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis, Juvenile Arthritis, Lichen Planus, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ulcerative Colitis, Vitiligo
- [UCLA Stein Eye Center Calabasas](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-stein-eye-center-calabasas/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [UCLA Stein Eye Center Santa Monica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-stein-eye-center-santa-monica/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [UCLA Stein Eye Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ucla-stein-eye-institute/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [Vasculitis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vasculitis-program/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Takayasu's arteritis
- [Vascular Care Clinic in Emeryville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vascular-care-clinic-in-emeryville/) - Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon
- [Vascular Care Clinic in Pleasanton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vascular-care-clinic-in-pleasanton/) - Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon
- [Vascular and Endovascular Care in Palo Alto](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/vascular-and-endovascular-care-in-palo-alto/) - Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon
- [The Hematology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-hematology-program/) - Aplastic Anemia, Autoimmune Cytopenia, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
- [The R.J. Fasenmyer Center for Clinical Immunology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-r-j-fasenmyer-center-for-clinical-immunology/) - Primary Immunodeficiency, Vasculitis
- [Thyroid and Parathyroid Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/thyroid-and-parathyroid-center/) - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Thymic Disorders Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/thymic-disorders-program/) - Myasthenia Gravis
- [UCI Health Chao Family Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/uci-health-chao-family-comprehensive-digestive-disease-center/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [UCI Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/uci-health/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [UCI Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/uci-health-5/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Thousand Oaks Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/thousand-oaks-digestive-diseases/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Torrence Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/torrence-digestive-diseases/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Thousand Oaks Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/thousand-oaks-neurology/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Torrance Skypark Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/torrance-skypark-specialty-care/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Torrance Lomita Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/torrance-lomita-specialty-care/) - Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis
- [Thousand Oaks Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/thousand-oaks-primary-specialty-care/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health Women's Specialty Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-heart-group-of-lancaster-general-health-womens-specialty-center/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health Elizabethtown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-heart-group-of-lancaster-general-health-elizabethtown/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health Kissel Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-heart-group-of-lancaster-general-health-kissel-hill/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health Lebanon](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-heart-group-of-lancaster-general-health-lebanon/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health Ephrata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-heart-group-of-lancaster-general-health-ephrata/) - Amyloidosis
- [Sarcoidosis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/sarcoidosis-program/) - Sarcoidosis
- [Scleroderma Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scleroderma-center/) - Scleroderma
- [Scleroderma Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scleroderma-center-2/) - Scleroderma
- [The Center for Autoimmune Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-center-for-autoimmune-neurology/) - Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Polymyositis, Stiff Person Syndrome
- [Simi Valley Alamo Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/simi-valley-alamo-specialty-care/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Stein Eye Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/stein-eye-institute/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [Sjögren’s Syndrome Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/sjogrens-syndrome-clinic/) - Sjögren Syndrome
- [Scleroderma Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scleroderma-center-3/) - Scleroderma
- [Spondyloarthritis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/spondyloarthritis-program/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis
- [Sarcoidosis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/sarcoidosis-program-2/) - Sarcoidosis
- [Spruce Internal Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/spruce-internal-medicine/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Scheie Eye Institute Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scheie-eye-institute-perelman/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Temporal Arteritis
- [Scheie Eye Institute Penn Presbyterian](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scheie-eye-institute-penn-presbyterian/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Scheie Eye Institute Media](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scheie-eye-institute-media/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Scheie Eye Institute Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/scheie-eye-institute-radnor/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [The Heart Group of Lancaster General Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/the-heart-group-of-lancaster-general-health/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Samara Jan Turkel Clinical Center for Pediatric Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/samara-jan-turkel-clinical-center-for-pediatric-autoimmune-disease/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Dermatomyositis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Rheumatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-program/) - Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Rheumatology Unit](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-unit/) - Behçet’s Disease, Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis, Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyositis, Psoriasis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis, Vasculitis
- [Rheumatology Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-department/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Behçet’s Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Cryoglobulinemia, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Fasciitis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Igg4-Related Disease, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Myositis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Relapsing Polychondritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic
- [Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-allergy-and-clinical-immunology/) - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-5/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Myositis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Takayasu's arteritis, Vasculitis
- [Santa Clarita Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-clarita-digestive-diseases/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Santa Monica Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-monica-digestive-diseases/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/ronald-reagan-ucla-medical-center/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Santa Monica Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-monica-neurology/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Santa Monica Allergy & Immunology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-monica-allergy-immunology/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Santa Clarita Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-clarita-primary-specialty-care/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Santa Monica Pediatric Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-monica-pediatric-specialty-care/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Santa Clarita Tourney Road Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-clarita-tourney-road-primary-specialty-care/) - Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Lichen Planus, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis, Vitiligo
- [Santa Monica Pediatric Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/santa-monica-pediatric-specialty-care-2/) - Behçet’s Disease, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis, Juvenile Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Lichen Planus, Lupus Nephritis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Ulcerative Colitis, Vitiligo
- [Respiratory Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/respiratory-institute/) - Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Connective Tissue Disease, Goodpasture Syndrome, Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Psoriasis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/psoriasis-center/) - Psoriasis
- [Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pulmonary-and-critical-care-medicine/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome
- [Pulmonary Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pulmonary-department/) - Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Psoriasis Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/psoriasis-clinic/) - Psoriasis
- [Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Myositis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Takayasu's arteritis, Vasculitis
- [Redondo Beach Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/redondo-beach-primary-specialty-care/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Lichen Planus, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ulcerative Colitis, Vitiligo
- [Psoriasis and Skin Treatment Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/psoriasis-and-skin-treatment-center/) - Lichen Planus, Psoriasis, Vitiligo
- [Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-8/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Lupus Nephritis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Reactive Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/rheumatology-9/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Behçet’s Disease, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis, Vasculitis
- [Pulmonology Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pulmonology-department/) - Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma
- [Psoriasis Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/psoriasis-clinic-2/) - Psoriasis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Family Medicine Dayton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-family-medicine-dayton/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Family Medicine Monroe](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-family-medicine-monroe/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Internal Medicine Plainsboro](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-internal-medicine-plainsboro/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Rednor Risi Family Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-rednor-risi-family-medicine/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Plainsboro Family Physicians](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-plainsboro-family-physicians/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Rheumatology Lawrenceville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-rheumatology-lawrenceville/) - Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Rheumatology Plainsboro](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-rheumatology-plainsboro/) - Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Internal Medicine Monroe](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-internal-medicine-monroe/) - Celiac Disease, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Primary Immunodeficiency Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/primary-immunodeficiency-center/) - Agammaglobulinemia, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- [Porter Ranch Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/porter-ranch-primary-specialty-care/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Endocrinology Downtown Robbinsville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-endocrinology-downtown-robbinsville/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Endocrinology Plainsboro](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-endocrinology-plainsboro/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Endocrinology Hillsborough](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-endocrinology-hillsborough/) - Graves' Disease, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Pennington](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-pennington/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Plainsboro](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-plainsboro/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Monroe](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-monroe/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Morganville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-morganville/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Hillsborough](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-hillsborough/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Downtown Robbinsville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-downtown-robbinsville/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Center for Digestive Health Dayton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-center-for-digestive-health-dayton/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Ewing Medical Associates, PA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-ewing-medical-associates-pa/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Cardiology Monroe](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-cardiology-monroe/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Cardiology Plainsboro](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-cardiology-plainsboro/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Cardiology Downtown Robbinsville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-cardiology-downtown-robbinsville/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Princeton Medicine Physicians - Cardiology Pennington](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/princeton-medicine-physicians-cardiology-pennington/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Porter Ranch Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/porter-ranch-primary-specialty-care-2/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Porter Ranch Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/porter-ranch-primary-specialty-care-3/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Celiac Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Glomerulonephritis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Lichen Planus, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis,
- [Penn Transplant Institute - Liver Transplant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-transplant-institute-liver-transplant/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/perelman-center-for-advanced-medicine/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Penn Transplant Institute - Kidney and Pancreas Transplant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-transplant-institute-kidney-and-pancreas-transplant/) - Goodpasture Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Lupus Nephritis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [PHMC Health Center on Cedar](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/phmc-health-center-on-cedar/) - Alopecia Areata, Graves' Disease
- [Penn Women's FIRST Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-womens-first-clinic/) - Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Rodebaugh Diabetes Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-rodebaugh-diabetes-center/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-vascular-surgery-and-endovascular-therapy-university-city/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-vascular-surgery-and-endovascular-therapy-woodbury-heights/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-vascular-surgery-and-endovascular-therapy-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy Cape May Court House](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-vascular-surgery-and-endovascular-therapy-cape-may-court-house/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Spine Center Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-spine-center-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Spine Center Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-spine-center-cherry-hill/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [PennCare for Kids Limerick](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penncare-for-kids-limerick/) - Myositis
- [PennCare for Kids Phoenixville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penncare-for-kids-phoenixville/) - Myositis
- [Penn Smell and Taste Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-smell-and-taste-center/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-rheumatology/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis/Adult-Onset Still's Disease, Psoriatic Arthritis, Relapsing Polychondritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Spondyloarthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Penn Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-renal-electrolyte-and-hypertension-perelman/) - Amyloidosis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease, Lupus Nephritis
- [Penn Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Penn Presbyterian](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-renal-electrolyte-and-hypertension-penn-presbyterian/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease, Lupus Nephritis
- [Penn Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-renal-electrolyte-and-hypertension-cherry-hill/) - Amyloidosis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease, Lupus Nephritis
- [Penn Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-renal-electrolyte-and-hypertension-radnor/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease, Lupus Nephritis
- [Penn Primary Care West Chester Pike](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-west-chester-pike/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary Care Collegeville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-collegeville/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary Care and Integrative Medicine Whiteland](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-and-integrative-medicine-whiteland/) - Alopecia Areata, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Penn Primary Care Schwenksville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-schwenksville/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary Care Exton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-exton/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary Care Havertown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-havertown/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary and Specialty Care Pottstown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-and-specialty-care-pottstown/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary Care French Creek](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-french-creek/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Primary Care Springfield](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-care-springfield/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Rheumatology Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-rheumatology-perelman/) - Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Arthritis, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Penn Rheumatology Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-rheumatology-radnor/) - Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome
- [Penn Rheumatology Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-rheumatology-cherry-hill/) - Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Rheumatology Valley Forge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-rheumatology-valley-forge/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Pituitary Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-pituitary-center/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Temporal Arteritis
- [Penn Primary and Specialty Care Phoenixville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-and-specialty-care-phoenixville/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Temporal Arteritis
- [Penn Primary and Specialty Care Limerick](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-primary-and-specialty-care-limerick/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Orthopaedics Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-radnor/) - Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Rittenhouse](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation-rittenhouse/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Plastic Surgery Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-plastic-surgery-perelman/) - Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Orthopaedics Marmora](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-marmora/) - Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Orthopaedics Pennsylvania Hospital - Cathcart Building](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-pennsylvania-hospital-cathcart-building/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Orthopaedics Valley Forge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-valley-forge/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Plastic Surgery Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-plastic-surgery-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Plastic Surgery Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-plastic-surgery-radnor/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation-cherry-hill/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Plastic Surgery Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-plastic-surgery-cherry-hill/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Plastic Surgery University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-plastic-surgery-university-city/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-otorhinolaryngology-head-and-neck-surgery-radnor/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-otorhinolaryngology-head-and-neck-surgery-university-city/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-otorhinolaryngology-head-and-neck-surgery-perelman/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Neurology Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Myositis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Temporal Arteritis
- [Penn Neuroscience Center - Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neuroscience-center-neurology/) - Amyloidosis, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Myositis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Sarcoidosis, Temporal Arteritis
- [Penn Neuroscience Center Radnor - Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neuroscience-center-radnor-neurology/) - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Neurology Kennett Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-kennett-square/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Westtown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-westtown/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Chalfont](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-chalfont/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Sellersville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-sellersville/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Valley Forge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-valley-forge/) - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-cherry-hill/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Neurology University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-university-city/) - Amyloidosis, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Rittenhouse](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-rittenhouse/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Mount Laurel](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-mount-laurel/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Neurology Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-neurology-woodbury-heights/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Penn Orthopaedics Cape May Court House](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-cape-may-court-house/) - Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Orthopaedics Exton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-exton/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Orthopaedics Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-orthopaedics-cherry-hill/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Metabolic Medicine University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-metabolic-medicine-university-city/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Medicine HealthWorks - Willow Street](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-healthworks-willow-street/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Medicine HealthWorks - Lititz](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-healthworks-lititz/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Nerve Center University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-nerve-center-university-city/) - Amyloidosis, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Penn Musculoskeletal Center - University City, 8th Floor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-musculoskeletal-center-university-city-8th-floor/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Penn Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Program University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-metabolic-and-bariatric-surgery-program-university-city/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Reading](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-reading/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Medicine Bala Cynwyd](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-bala-cynwyd/) - Alopecia Areata, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Ewing Street](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-ewing-street/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Robbinsville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-robbinsville/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Sewell](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-sewell/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Sheppard Road](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-sheppard-road/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Lawrenceville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-lawrenceville/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Robbinsville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-robbinsville-2/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Yardley](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-yardley/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Bunn Drive](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-bunn-drive/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Hillsborough](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-hillsborough/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Monroe](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-monroe/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Evesham Road](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-evesham-road/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Mount Laurel](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-mount-laurel/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Mullica Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-mullica-hill/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy South Street](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-south-street/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Walnut Street](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-walnut-street/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Medicine Becker ENT & Allergy Freehold](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-medicine-becker-ent-allergy-freehold/) - Ménière's disease
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Lancaster General Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-lancaster-general-health/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Princeton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-princeton/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Newark](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-newark/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Bucks County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-bucks-county/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-cherry-hill/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Darby](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-darby/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Lehighton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-lehighton/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
- [Penn Liver Transplant Clinic Lehigh Valley](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-liver-transplant-clinic-lehigh-valley/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Penn Internal Medicine Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-internal-medicine-woodbury-heights/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Internal and Family Medicine Bucks County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-internal-and-family-medicine-bucks-county/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Internal Medicine Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-internal-medicine-radnor/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Interventional Cardiology - Cape Regional Medical Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-interventional-cardiology-cape-regional-medical-center/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Interventional Cardiology - Shore Medical Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-interventional-cardiology-shore-medical-center/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Internal Medicine Media](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-internal-medicine-media/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology West Chester](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-west-chester/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-woodbury-heights/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology Sewell](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-sewell/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology Voorhees](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-voorhees/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Gastroenterology Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-gastroenterology-perelman/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Gastroenterology Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-gastroenterology-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Gastroenterology Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-gastroenterology-radnor/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Gastroenterology Limerick](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-gastroenterology-limerick/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Gastroenterology Penn Presbyterian](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-gastroenterology-penn-presbyterian/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Gastroenterology Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-gastroenterology-cherry-hill/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center Bucks County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center-bucks-county/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center Washington Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center-washington-square/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center-cherry-hill/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center-radnor/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Heart and Vascular Center Valley Forge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-heart-and-vascular-center-valley-forge/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology Exton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-exton/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Hematology/Oncology Kennett Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-hematology-oncology-kennett-square/) - Amyloidosis
- [Penn Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolism-radnor/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Valley Forge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolism-valley-forge/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Bucks County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolism-bucks-county/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Family Medicine Voorhees](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-voorhees/) - Alopecia Areata, Psoriasis
- [Penn Family Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-care/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family and Internal Medicine Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-and-internal-medicine-cherry-hill/) - Alopecia Areata, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Family and Internal Medicine Mount Laurel](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-and-internal-medicine-mount-laurel/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-university-city/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine Kennett](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-kennett/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine Valley Forge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-valley-forge/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine Limerick](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-limerick/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine Phoenixville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-phoenixville/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine Chestnut Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-chestnut-hill/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine West Chester](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-west-chester/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine Southern Chester County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-southern-chester-county/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family and Internal Medicine Longwood](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-and-internal-medicine-longwood/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Family Medicine New Garden](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-family-medicine-new-garden/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Penn Endocrinology Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-perelman/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Endocrinology Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Endocrinology Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-woodbury-heights/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Endocrinology Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-cherry-hill/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Digestive and Liver Health Center University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-digestive-and-liver-health-center-university-city/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Dermatology Pennsylvania Hospital](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-pennsylvania-hospital/) - Alopecia Areata, Amyloidosis, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Psoriasis, Scleroderma, Vitiligo
- [Penn Dermatology Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-perelman/) - Alopecia Areata, Amyloidosis, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Psoriasis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Vitiligo
- [Penn Dermatology Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-radnor/) - Alopecia Areata, Amyloidosis, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Scleroderma, Vitiligo
- [Penn Dermatology University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-university-city/) - Alopecia Areata, Amyloidosis, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Scleroderma, Vitiligo
- [Penn Dermatology Bucks County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-bucks-county/) - Alopecia Areata, Amyloidosis, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Psoriasis, Scleroderma, Vitiligo
- [Penn Dermatology Cherry Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-cherry-hill/) - Alopecia Areata, Amyloidosis, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, Vitiligo
- [Penn Dermatology Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-dermatology-woodbury-heights/) - Alopecia Areata, Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Vitiligo
- [Penn Endocrinology and Penn Rodebaugh Diabetes Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-endocrinology-and-penn-rodebaugh-diabetes-center/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Penn Colon and Rectal Surgery Washington Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-colon-and-rectal-surgery-washington-square/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Colon and Rectal Surgery University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-colon-and-rectal-surgery-university-city/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Colon and Rectal Surgery Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-colon-and-rectal-surgery-perelman/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Colon and Rectal Surgery Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-colon-and-rectal-surgery-radnor/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Penn Cardiology Penn Presbyterian, 3rd Floor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-penn-presbyterian-3rd-floor/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Cardiology Somers Point](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-somers-point/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Cardiology Vineland](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-vineland/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Cardiology Woodbury Heights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-woodbury-heights/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Cardiology Mayfair](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-mayfair/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Cardiology South Philadelphia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-south-philadelphia/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Cardiology HUP - Cedar Avenu](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-hup-cedar-avenu/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Cardiology Media](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-media/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Cardiology Mount Laurel](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-mount-laurel/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Cardiology Bensalem](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-bensalem/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Cardiology Chestnut Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-chestnut-hill/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Sarcoidosis
- [Penn Cardiology Cape May Court House](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-cardiology-cape-may-court-house/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [Penn Blood Disorders Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/penn-blood-disorders-center/) - Amyloidosis
- [Pediatric Rheumatology Clinics](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-rheumatology-clinics/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Pediatric Rheumatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-rheumatology-program/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Behçet’s Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Lupus, Juvenile Myositis, Juvenile Polymyositis, Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Oligoarticular Juvenile Arthritis, Polyarticular Juvenile Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Takayasu's arteritis, Vasculitis
- [Pediatrics in Calabasas](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatrics-in-calabasas/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Myasthenia Gravis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-inflammatory-bowel-disease-ibd-center/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pediatric Liver Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-liver-center/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [Pediatric Neurology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-neurology-program/) - Myasthenia Gravis
- [Pediatric Ophthalmology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-ophthalmology-program/) - Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Scleroderma
- [Pediatric Orthopaedics Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-orthopaedics-program/) - Myasthenia Gravis
- [Pediatric Endocrinology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-endocrinology-program/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Pediatric Gastroenterology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-gastroenterology-program/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pediatric Dermatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-dermatology-program/) - Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Pediatric Otolaryngology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-otolaryngology-program/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Pediatric Dermatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-dermatology-program-2/) - Alopecia Areata, Psoriasis, Vitiligo
- [Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-multiple-sclerosis/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Pediatric Endocrine Program and Diabetes Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-endocrine-program-and-diabetes-center/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-and-adolescent-rheumatology/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Pediatric Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-neurology/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-diabetes-and-endocrinology/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-gastroenterology-clinic/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-hematology-oncology-program/) - Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Evans Syndrome
- [Pediatric  Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pediatric-rheumatology/) - Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Juvenile Lupus, Juvenile Scleroderma
- [Orthopedic and Rheumatologic Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/orthopedic-and-rheumatologic-institute/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Behçet’s Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Cutaneous Lupus, Dermatomyositis, Discoid Lupus, Eosinophilic Fasciitis, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis/Adult-Onset Still's Disease, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Myositis, Polymyositis, Primary Immunodeficiency, Psoriatic Arthritis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Relapsing Polychondritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis,
- [Orthopaedic Care Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/orthopaedic-care-program/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Otolaryngology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/otolaryngology-program/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Ménière's disease
- [Pancreas and Biliary Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pancreas-and-biliary-program/) - Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [NYU Langone Hospital Long Island](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/nyu-langone-hospital-long-island/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Behçet’s Disease, Celiac Disease, Connective Tissue Disease, Cutaneous Lupus, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Myasthenia Gravis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [North Hollywood Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/north-hollywood-specialty-care/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Otolaryngology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/otolaryngology/) - Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Ménière's disease
- [Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine in Emeryville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/orthopaedics-and-sports-medicine-in-emeryville/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis
- [Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine in Los Gatos](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/orthopaedics-and-sports-medicine-in-los-gatos/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Spondyloarthritis
- [Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine in Pleasanton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/orthopaedics-and-sports-medicine-in-pleasanton/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Spondyloarthritis
- [Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine in Redwood City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/orthopaedics-and-sports-medicine-in-redwood-city/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Spondyloarthritis
- [Pain Management Center in Emeryville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pain-management-center-in-emeryville/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pain Management Center in Livermore](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pain-management-center-in-livermore/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pain Management Center in San Jose](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pain-management-center-in-san-jose/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Pain Management Center in San Pablo](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/pain-management-center-in-san-pablo/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Office of David M. Finkel, MD](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/office-of-david-m-finkel-md/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Neurological Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurological-institute/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Autonomic Neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD), Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Transverse Myelitis
- [Neurology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurology-program/) - Amyloidosis, Dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Myositis, Polymyositis, Vasculitis
- [Nephrology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/nephrology-program/) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Myositis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/myositis-center/) - Myositis
- [Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurology/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Dermatomyositis, Dysautonomia, Giant Cell Arteritis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Nonvasculitic Autoimmune Inflammatory Meningoencephalitis, POEMS Syndrome, Polymyositis, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Sarcoidosis, Takayasu's arteritis
- [Naomi Barrie Diabetes Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/naomi-barrie-diabetes-center/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Myasthenia Gravis Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/myasthenia-gravis-clinic/) - Dermatomyositis, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Polymyositis
- [Neurology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurology-program-2/) - Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Polymyositis
- [Neurological Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurological-institute-2/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Neurology & Neurosurgery](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurology-neurosurgery/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Myositis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/myositis-program/) - Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis
- [Neuromuscular Disorder Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neuromuscular-disorder-program/) - Myasthenia Gravis, Sarcoidosis
- [Neuroscience Health Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neuroscience-health-center/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis
- [Neurosurgery Clinic in Santa Cruz](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurosurgery-clinic-in-santa-cruz/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Spondyloarthritis
- [Neuromuscular Program at the Neuroscience Health Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neuromuscular-program-at-the-neuroscience-health-center/) - Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
- [Neuromuscular Program in the Tri-Valley](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neuromuscular-program-in-the-tri-valley/) - Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
- [Neurocritical Care Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/neurocritical-care-program/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- [Lupus Clinic at Boston Medical Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lupus-clinic-at-boston-medical-center/) - Lupus Nephritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Lupus Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lupus-center/) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Multiple Sclerosis Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis-clinic/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Lupus Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lupus-center-2/) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Lupus Nephritis Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lupus-nephritis-clinic/) - Lupus Nephritis
- [Lupus Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lupus-clinic/) - Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Multiple Sclerosis Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis-clinic-2/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Manhattan Beach Pediatrics](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/manhattan-beach-pediatrics/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Myasthenia Gravis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Liver Disease Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/liver-disease-care/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroinflammation Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis-and-neuroinflammation-center/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [MarinHealth Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/marinhealth-rheumatology/) - Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Lupus Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lupus-clinic-2/) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Multiple Sclerosis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis-center/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Multiple Sclerosis Center in Palo Alto](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis-center-in-palo-alto/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Stiff Person Syndrome, Transverse Myelitis
- [Multiple Sclerosis Center in Tri-Valley](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/multiple-sclerosis-center-in-tri-valley/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Stiff Person Syndrome, Transverse Myelitis
- [Liver and Hepatitis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/liver-and-hepatitis-program/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Liver Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/liver-center/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Liver (Hepatology) Clinic in Fremont](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/liver-hepatology-clinic-in-fremont/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [Liver (Hepatology) Clinic in Fresno](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/liver-hepatology-clinic-in-fresno/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [Liver (Hepatology) Clinic in Redwood City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/liver-hepatology-clinic-in-redwood-city/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [LG Health Physicians Specialty Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-specialty-medicine/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Walter L. Aument Family Health Center (Family Medicine Practice)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-walter-l-aument-family-health-center-family-medicine-practice/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Willow Street](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-willow-street/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Hospitalists](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-hospitalists/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Neurology Harrisburg Pike](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-neurology-harrisburg-pike/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [LG Health Physicians Neurology Sycamore Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-neurology-sycamore-square/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis
- [LG Health Physicians Surgical Group](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-surgical-group/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [LG Health Physicians Surgical Group Ephrata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-surgical-group-ephrata/) - Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [LG Health Specialty Center Ephrata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-specialty-center-ephrata/) - Amyloidosis, Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
- [LG Health Physicians Pain Management](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-pain-management/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [LG Health Physicians Hematology and Medical Oncology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-hematology-and-medical-oncology/) - Amyloidosis
- [LG Health Physicians Roseville Pediatrics CityGate Lancaster](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-roseville-pediatrics-citygate-lancaster/) - Myositis
- [LG Health Physicians Roseville Pediatrics Kissel Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-roseville-pediatrics-kissel-hill/) - Myositis
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Quentin](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-quentin/) - Alopecia Areata, Hyperthyroidism
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Twin Rose - Columbia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-twin-rose-columbia/) - Alopecia Areata, Celiac Disease, Hyperthyroidism
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Twin Rose - Wrightsville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-twin-rose-wrightsville/) - Alopecia Areata, Celiac Disease, Hyperthyroidism
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Sycamore Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-sycamore-square/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Norlanco](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-norlanco/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Strasburg](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-strasburg/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Susquehanna](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-susquehanna/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Parkesburg](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-parkesburg/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Oxford](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-oxford/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Red Rose](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-red-rose/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Leola](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-leola/) - Alopecia Areata, Hyperthyroidism
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Mount Joy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-mount-joy/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Lititz](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-lititz/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Lititz Kissel Hill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-lititz-kissel-hill/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine New Holland](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-new-holland/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Manheim](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-manheim/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Manor Ridge Downtown Lancaster](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-manor-ridge-downtown-lancaster/) - Alopecia Areata, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Manor Ridge Marietta Avenue](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-manor-ridge-marietta-avenue/) - Alopecia Areata, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Manheim - Pleasant View](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-manheim-pleasant-view/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Lincoln](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-lincoln/) - Alopecia Areata, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Lincoln Division Highway](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-lincoln-division-highway/) - Alopecia Areata, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine East Petersburg](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-east-petersburg/) - Alopecia Areata, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [LG Health Physicians Diabetes and Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-diabetes-and-endocrinology/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Diabetes and Endocrinology Lebanon](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-diabetes-and-endocrinology-lebanon/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Abbeyville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-abbeyville/) - Hyperthyroidism
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Abbeyville Embassy Drive](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-abbeyville-embassy-drive/) - Hyperthyroidism
- [LG Health Physicians Comprehensive Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-comprehensive-care/) - Alopecia Areata, Celiac Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Diabetes and Endocrinology Ephrata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-diabetes-and-endocrinology-ephrata/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Diabetes and Endocrinology Elizabethtown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-diabetes-and-endocrinology-elizabethtown/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Diabetes and Endocrinology Parkesburg](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-diabetes-and-endocrinology-parkesburg/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism, Type 1 Diabetes
- [LG Health Physicians Family and Maternity Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-and-maternity-medicine/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Crooked Oak](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-crooked-oak/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine County Line](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-county-line/) - Alopecia Areata, Celiac Disease
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Downtown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-downtown/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Family Medicine Buck](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-family-medicine-buck/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Arthritis and Rheumatology Ephrata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-arthritis-and-rheumatology-ephrata/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [LG Health Physicians Arthritis and Rheumatology Elizabethtown](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-arthritis-and-rheumatology-elizabethtown/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome
- [Kidney Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/kidney-center/) - Glomerulonephritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Kidney Disease in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/kidney-disease-in-children/) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes, Vasculitis
- [Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/jane-and-leonard-korman-respiratory-institute/) - Sarcoidosis
- [Jerome L. Greene Sjogren’s Syndrome Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/jerome-l-greene-sjogrens-syndrome-center/) - Sjögren Syndrome
- [Infectious Diseases Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/infectious-diseases-department/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- [Inflammatory Arthritis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/inflammatory-arthritis-center/) - Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis
- [Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/inflammatory-bowel-disease-center/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Joint Penn-CHOP Center for Digestive, Liver and Pancreatic Medicine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/joint-penn-chop-center-for-digestive-liver-and-pancreatic-medicine/) - Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/inflammatory-bowel-disease-center-2/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Kidney Clinic (Nephrology) in Santa Clara](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/kidney-clinic-nephrology-in-santa-clara/) - Amyloidosis, Glomerulonephritis, Lupus Nephritis
- [Kidney Clinic (Nephrology) at Boswell Building](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/kidney-clinic-nephrology-at-boswell-building/) - Amyloidosis, Glomerulonephritis, Lupus Nephritis
- [Lancaster General Health Wellness Express](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lancaster-general-health-wellness-express/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Care Connections](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-care-connections/) - Alopecia Areata
- [LG Health Physicians Arthritis and Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-arthritis-and-rheumatology/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Lupus Nephritis, Myositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [LG Health Physicians Arthritis and Rheumatology - Women's Specialty Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/lg-health-physicians-arthritis-and-rheumatology-womens-specialty-center/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Lupus Nephritis, Myositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Sjögren Syndrome, Temporal Arteritis
- [Hepatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/hepatology-program/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [General Rheumatology – interdisciplinary with Lupus Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-rheumatology-interdisciplinary-with-lupus-clinic/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Behçet’s Disease, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Arthritis, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis, Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease, Vasculitis
- [Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/heart-vascular-thoracic-institute/) - Amyloidosis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Behçet’s Disease, Dressler’s Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Sydenham's Chorea
- [Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/glickman-urological-and-kidney-institute/) - Addison's Disease, Cutaneous Lupus, Goodpasture Syndrome, Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease, Lupus Nephritis, Primary Adrenal Insufficiency, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Hair and Scalp Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/hair-and-scalp-disorders/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Hair Disorders Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/hair-disorders-clinic/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Immunology and Rheumatology Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/immunology-and-rheumatology-clinic/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [General Dermatology Clinic in San Pablo](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-san-pablo/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in San Ramon](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-san-ramon/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in Santa Clara](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-santa-clara/) - Psoriasis
- [Hair Loss Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/hair-loss-clinic/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Hematology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/hematology-program/) - Aplastic Anemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
- [Harron Lung Center Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/harron-lung-center-perelman/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma
- [Harron Lung Center University City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/harron-lung-center-university-city/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma
- [Harron Lung Center Washington Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/harron-lung-center-washington-square/) - Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Goodpasture Syndrome, Sarcoidosis
- [Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Parsonage-Turner Syndrome, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Sclerosing Mesenteritis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Gastroenterology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastroenterology-program/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastroenterology-and-hepatology-department/) - Autoimmune Enteropathy, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [General Dermatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology/) - Psoriasis
- [Gastroenterology & Hepatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastroenterology-hepatology/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-diabetes-metabolism/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Gastroenterology and Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastroenterology-and-digestive-diseases/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Gastroenterology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastroenterology/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Esophagus Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/esophagus-center/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- [Gastrointestinal (GI) Pain Clinic at Boswell](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastrointestinal-gi-pain-clinic-at-boswell/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Gastrointestinal (GI) Pain Clinic in Redwood City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastrointestinal-gi-pain-clinic-in-redwood-city/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Gastrointestinal Motility Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/gastrointestinal-motility-program/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [General Dermatology Clinic at Hoover Pavilion](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-at-hoover-pavilion/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in Danville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-danville/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in Emeryville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-emeryville/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in Los Altos](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-los-altos/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in Portola Valley](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-portola-valley/) - Psoriasis
- [General Dermatology Clinic in Redwood City](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/general-dermatology-clinic-in-redwood-city/) - Psoriasis
- [e.g. Boston Children's Hospital - Center for Childhood Liver Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/e-g-boston-childrens-hospital-center-for-childhood-liver-disease/)
- [Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-metabolism-institute/) - Addison's Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes, Vitiligo
- [Endocrinology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-program/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Endocrinology Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-department/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology/) - Addison's Disease, Alopecia Areata, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Downtown Los Angeles Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/downtown-los-angeles-primary-specialty-care/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Encino Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/encino-specialty-care/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-diabetes-metabolism-2/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Encino Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/encino-specialty-care-2/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Encino Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/encino-specialty-care-3/) - Addison's Disease, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Celiac Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Glomerulonephritis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Lichen Planus, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis,
- [Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-2/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Endocrinology Clinic in Danville](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-clinic-in-danville/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Endocrinology Clinic in Pleasanton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-clinic-in-pleasanton/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Endocrinology Clinic at Boswell Building](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-clinic-at-boswell-building/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Endocrinology Clinic at Hoover Pavilion](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/endocrinology-clinic-at-hoover-pavilion/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Division of Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/division-of-rheumatology/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Kawasaki Disease, Psoriatic Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Downtown Los Angeles Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/downtown-los-angeles-primary-specialty-care-2/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Doheny Eye Center UCLA Arcadia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/doheny-eye-center-ucla-arcadia/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [Doheny Eye Center UCLA Pasadena](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/doheny-eye-center-ucla-pasadena/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [Doheny Eye Center UCLA Orange County](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/doheny-eye-center-ucla-orange-county/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [Doris Stein Eye Research Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/doris-stein-eye-research-center/) - Graves' Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Uveitis
- [Downtown Los Angeles Primary & Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/downtown-los-angeles-primary-specialty-care-3/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Autoimmune Pancreatitis, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Celiac Disease, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Glomerulonephritis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Lichen Planus, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis,
- [Division of Rheumatology/Allergy & Immunology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/division-of-rheumatology-allergy-immunology/) - Glomerulonephritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes, Vasculitis
- [Division of Nephrology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/division-of-nephrology/) - Lupus Nephritis, Vasculitis
- [Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/division-of-endocrinology-and-diabetes/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Diabetes Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/diabetes-program/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Digestive Health Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/digestive-health-institute/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/division-of-endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolic-diseases/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Diabetes Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/diabetes-center/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Diabetes and Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/diabetes-and-endocrinology/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/division-of-endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolism/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Digestive Health Center in Portola Valley](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/digestive-health-center-in-portola-valley/) - Celiac Disease
- [Digestive Health Center in Pleasanton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/digestive-health-center-in-pleasanton/) - Celiac Disease
- [Diabetes Care Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/diabetes-care-program/) - Type 1 Diabetes
- [Department of Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-endocrinology/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Department of Pediatric Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-pediatric-rheumatology/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-and-plastic-surgery-institute/) - Psoriasis, Vitiligo
- [Dermatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-program/) - Dermatomyositis, Pemphigoid, Pemphigus, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vasculitis
- [Department of Ophthalmology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-ophthalmology/) - Multiple Sclerosis, Sjögren Syndrome, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-dermatology-and-cutaneous-biology/) - Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Scleroderma
- [Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-otolaryngology-head-and-neck-surgery/) - Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- [Department of Orthopedic Surgery](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-orthopedic-surgery/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Dermatology-General Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-general-program/) - Cutaneous Lupus, Dermatomyositis, Discoid Lupus, Eosinophilic Fasciitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polymyositis, Psoriasis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease, Vitiligo
- [Dermatology Department](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-department/) - Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatomyositis, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Graves' Disease, Lichen Planus, Pemphigus, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Psoriasis, Scleroderma, Vasculitis, Vitiligo
- [Dermatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology/) - Alopecia Areata, Dermatomyositis, Eosinophilic Fasciitis, Necrobiosis Lipoidica, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Vitiligo
- [Dermatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-2/) - Alopecia Areata, Lichen Planus, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Vitiligo
- [Department of Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-neurology/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy, Dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Ménière's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Polymyositis, Transverse Myelitis
- [Dermatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-13/) - Cutaneous Vasculitis, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Dermatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dermatology-14/) - Psoriasis
- [Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/dana-farber-boston-childrens-cancer-and-blood-disorders-center/) - Aplastic Anemia, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Evans Syndrome, Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura
- [Children’s Hospital Colorado North Campus Broomfield: Neuromuscular Program for Muscle Disorders, Digestive Health Institute, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Department of Dermatology, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/childrens-hospital-colorado-north-campus-broomfield-neuromuscular-program-for-muscle-disorders-digestive-health-institute-center-for-cancer-and-blood-disorders-department-of-dermatology/) - Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis
- [Children’s Hospital Colorado Pediatric Neuroscience Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/childrens-hospital-colorado-pediatric-neuroscience-institute/) - Dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Polymyositis
- [Colorado Center for Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/colorado-center-for-celiac-disease/) - Celiac Disease
- [Department of Dermatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/department-of-dermatology/) - Psoriasis, Vitiligo
- [Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital for Rehabilitation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cleveland-clinic-childrens-hospital-for-rehabilitation/) - Juvenile Arthritis, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
- [Cole Eye Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cole-eye-institute/) - Graves' Disease, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease
- [Crohn’s and Colitis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/crohns-and-colitis-center/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Columbia University Multiple Sclerosis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/columbia-university-multiple-sclerosis-center/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Columbia Doctors Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/columbia-doctors-endocrinology/) - Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Type 1 Diabetes
- [Crohn’s & Colitis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/crohns-colitis-program/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Delancey Internal Medicine Rittenhouse](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/delancey-internal-medicine-rittenhouse/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Delancey Internal Medicine Washington Square](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/delancey-internal-medicine-washington-square/) - Alopecia Areata, Psoriasis
- [Delancey Internal Medicine South Philadelphia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/delancey-internal-medicine-south-philadelphia/) - Alopecia Areata
- [Cedars-Sinai Pediatric Gastroenterology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-pediatric-gastroenterology/) - Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Small Bowel Diseases and Nutrition Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-small-bowel-diseases-and-nutrition-program/) - Celiac Disease
- [Children’s Colorado Health Pavilion, Neuroimmunology Center for Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/childrens-colorado-health-pavilion-neuroimmunology-center-for-children/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Behçet’s Disease, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Transverse Myelitis
- [Children’s Hospital Colorado Colorado Springs, Digestive Health Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/childrens-hospital-colorado-colorado-springs-digestive-health-institute/) - Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/center-for-cancer-and-blood-disorders/) - Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
- [Celiac Disease Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/celiac-disease-program/) - Celiac Disease
- [Center for Vasculitis Care and Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/center-for-vasculitis-care-and-research/) - Behçet’s Disease, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Cogan Syndrome, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Kawasaki Disease, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Takayasu's arteritis, Vasculitis
- [Celiac Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/celiac-center/) - Celiac Disease
- [Celiac Disease Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/celiac-disease-program-2/) - Celiac Disease
- [Celiac Disease Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/celiac-disease-center/) - Celiac Disease
- [Center for Esophageal Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/center-for-esophageal-disease/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- [Center for Digestive Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/center-for-digestive-health/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Center for Arthritis and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/center-for-arthritis-and-autoimmunity/) - Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Behçet’s Disease, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Psoriatic Arthritis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Spondyloarthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Child Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/child-neurology/) - Myasthenia Gravis
- [Celiac Disease Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/celiac-disease-clinic/) - Celiac Disease
- [Celiac Disease Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/celiac-disease-program-3/) - Celiac Disease
- [Cerebrovascular Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cerebrovascular-program/) - Vasculitis
- [Boston Children's Hospital - Immunology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-hospital-immunology-program/) - Agammaglobulinemia, Autoimmune Hepatitis
- [Boston Children's Hospital - Rheumatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-hospital-rheumatology-program/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Boston Children's Hospital - Department of Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-hospital-department-of-neurology/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Boston Children's Hospital - Pediatric Neuro-Immunology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-hospital-pediatric-neuro-immunology-program/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy, Multiple Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Transverse Myelitis, Vasculitis
- [Boston Children's Hospital - Neuromuscular Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-hospital-neuromuscular-center/) - Dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Polymyositis
- [Boston Children's Physicians Weymouth, BCH Blood Disorders Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-physicians-weymouth-bch-blood-disorders-center/) - Addison's Disease, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Evans Syndrome, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura, Juvenile Arthritis, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Transverse Myelitis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis, Vasculitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-multiple-sclerosis-and-neuroimmunology-center/) - Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease, Sarcoidosis, Transverse Myelitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Gastroenterology - East Tower](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-gastroenterology-east-tower/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Gastroenterology - Santa Monica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-gastroenterology-santa-monica/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Gastroenterology - Wilshire](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-gastroenterology-wilshire/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Pediatric Inflammatory Disease Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-inflammatory-bowel-disease-center-cedars-sinai-pediatric-inflammatory-disease-program/) - Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Cedars-Sinai Hepatology Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/cedars-sinai-hepatology-program/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [Burbank Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/burbank-neurology/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Calabasas Neurology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/calabasas-neurology/) - Multiple Sclerosis
- [Burbank Rheumatology & Endocrinology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/burbank-rheumatology-endocrinology/) - Addison's Disease, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome, Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Sjögren Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis, Type 1
- [Byers Eye Institute](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/byers-eye-institute/) - Graves' Disease
- [Boston Children's Hospital - Center for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-hospital-center-for-gastroenterology-hepatology-and-nutrition/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Boston Children's at Lexington, BCH Blood Disorders Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-at-lexington-bch-blood-disorders-center/) - Addison's Disease, Agammaglobulinemia, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Aplastic Anemia, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Evans Syndrome, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Juvenile Arthritis, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Lyme Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Transverse Myelitis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Boston Children's at Peabody, BCH Blood Disorders Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-at-peabody-bch-blood-disorders-center/) - Addison's Disease, Aplastic Anemia, Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Evans Syndrome, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura, Lyme Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Transverse Myelitis, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis, Vasculitis
- [Boston Children's at Waltham, BCH Blood Disorders Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/boston-childrens-at-waltham-bch-blood-disorders-center/) - Addison's Disease, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Crohn's Disease, Dermatomyositis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis, Vasculitis
- [Arthritis Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/arthritis-center/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Reactive Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis
- [Autoimmune and Cholestatic Liver Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune-and-cholestatic-liver-clinic/) - Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- [Autoimmune Diseases Center](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune-diseases-center/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Multiple Sclerosis, Plaque Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Autoimmune Skin Disease Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune-skin-disease-clinic/) - Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Beverly Hills Digestive Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/beverly-hills-digestive-diseases/) - Addison's Disease, Autoimmune Hepatitis, Celiac Disease, Crohn's Disease, Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Scleroderma, Type 1 Diabetes, Ulcerative Colitis
- [Beverly Hills Wilshire Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/beverly-hills-wilshire-specialty-care/) - Various Autoimmune Diseases
- [Beverly Hills Wilshire Specialty Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/beverly-hills-wilshire-specialty-care-2/) - Central Nervous System Vasculitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Dermatomyositis, Giant Cell Arteritis, Henoch–Schönlein Purpura, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Takayasu's arteritis
- [Arthritis and Rheumatology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/arthritis-and-rheumatology/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Autoimmune Skin Disease Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune-skin-disease-clinic-2/) - Dermatomyositis, Myositis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [Autonomic Disorders Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autonomic-disorders-program/) - Amyloidosis, Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy, Dysautonomia, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
- [Blistering Disease Clinic](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/blistering-disease-clinic/) - Bullous Pemphigoid, Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis, Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
- [Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis Program](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/adult-eosinophilic-esophagitis-program/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- [Allergy, Asthma, and Immunodeficiency Clinic in Atherton](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/allergy-asthma-and-immunodeficiency-clinic-in-atherton/) - Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- [Arthritis and Joint Replacement](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/arthritis-and-joint-replacement/) - Ankylosing Spondylitis, Juvenile Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Reactive Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- [addison's disease, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/addisons-disease-hyperthyroidism-hashimoto-thyroiditis-graves-disease-granulomatosis-with-polyangiitis/) - Addison's Disease, Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis, Hyperthyroidism
- [Abramson Cancer Center Perelman](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/abramson-cancer-center-perelman/) - Amyloidosis
- [Abramson Cancer Center Radnor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/abramson-cancer-center-radnor/) - Amyloidosis

## COVID Timeline

- [The Future of Wastewater Surveillance and Immune Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-future-of-wastewater-surveillance-and-immune-research/) - Wastewater surveillance could reveal more than viruses. Discover how scientists are using it to study immune health, autoimmune disease, and the future of public health.
- [New NIH-Funded Trial Tests Different Approaches to Long COVID Fatigue](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/new-nih-funded-trial-tests-different-approaches-to-long-covid-fatigue/) - A new NIH-funded clinical trial will test whether rehabilitation and pacing strategies should be tailored based on post-exertional malaise in people with Long COVID.
- [Long Covid Symptoms Vary Between Hospital and Home Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-symptoms-vary-between-hospital-and-home-patients/) - A new study found long COVID was far more common after hospitalization, with neurological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal symptoms linked to risk.
- [Could Herpes Zoster Signal Post-COVID Immune Dysfunction?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/could-herpes-zoster-signal-post-covid-immune-dysfunction/) - Researchers analyzing health records from more than 110,000 COVID-19 survivors found that people who later experienced herpes zoster reactivation were more likely to develop certain neurological conditions, including Bell's palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and myasthenia gravis (MG), during the following three years. The timing of these conditions differed. Bell's palsy tended to appear relatively soon
- [Long COVID Study Links Fatigue to Mitochondrial Dysfunction](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-study-links-fatigue-to-mitochondrial-dysfunction/) - A new study suggests long COVID may involve persistent mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and energy production deficits.
- [Autoimmune-Associated PTPN22 Variant May Improve Immune Defense Against Covid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-associated-ptpn22-variant-may-improve-immune-defense-against-covid/) - A common genetic variant linked to autoimmune disease may also help the immune system fight coronavirus infections, according to new research.
- [Autoimmune Drugs May Prolong COVID Viral Signals](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-drugs-may-prolong-covid-viral-signals/) - Study finds COVID viral proteins may persist longer in autoimmune patients on immunosuppressive drugs, though health effects remain unclear.
- [What New Research Reveals About Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/what-new-research-reveals-about-long-covid/) - April 16, 2026 » New research shows how inflammation and immune dysfunction may drive Long COVID, with lasting effects on the brain, immune system, and overall health.
- [Long COVID Symptoms Linked to Autoantibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-symptoms-auto-antibodies/) - New research suggests antibodies in Long COVID patients may directly cause symptoms, pointing to potential autoimmune-like mechanisms and future treatments.
- [Long COVID Immune Dysfunction Linked to NK Cells](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-immune-dysfunction-linked-to-nk-cells/) - A study published in Frontiers in Immunology found that long COVID is associated with significant dysfunction of Natural Killer (NK) cells, key components of the innate immune system that identify and eliminate infected or abnormal cells. Researchers observed that individuals with long COVID had both reduced NK cell numbers and signs of functional exhaustion, suggesting these
- [NIH RECOVER 2026 Publications: Long Covid Research Updates](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-recover-2026-publications-long-covid-research-updates/) - New 2026 NIH RECOVER studies explore immune dysfunction, pediatric risk factors, pregnancy outcomes, MIS-C biology, and Long COVID clinical trials.
- [Long COVID Treatment Trials: 2026 RECOVER Update](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-treatment-trials-2026-recover-update/) - NIH RECOVER-TLC trials test baricitinib, LDN, semaglutide, and stellate ganglion block for Long COVID. Here’s what’s recruiting in 2026.
- [Can COVID-19 Reactivate the Epstein-Barr Virus?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-covid-19-reactivate-the-epstein-barr-virus/) - Results from a study called Incidence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is elevated in COVID-19 patients published in the journal Virus Research explored the link between COVID-19 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Infection with EBV, a very common herpes virus, causes mononucleosis. Children and adolescents are often most affected, as transmission occurs through kissing or sharing
- [Post-Viral Illness: Long COVID Isn’t New](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-follows-a-pattern-of-post-viral-illness/) - Post-viral conditions like ME/CFS, endometriosis, and fibromyalgia show what happens when illness is ignored. Will long COVID follow the same path?
- [More Evidence Linking COVID-19 and Thyroid Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/more-evidence-linking-covid-19-and-thyroid-disease/) - A 4.5-year study finds SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased risk of new-onset thyroid disease, even in nonhospitalized patients.
- [Can a Pacing App Prevent Long COVID Crashes? Trial Results](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-a-pacing-app-prevent-long-covid-crashes-trial-results/) - A six-month randomized controlled trial tested whether a digital pacing platform combined with a wearable activity tracker could reduce post-exertional malaise, or PEM, in adults with long COVID. Quick Definition What Is a Long COVID Crash? A “long COVID crash” refers to post-exertional malaise (PEM), a worsening of symptoms after physical or mental effort. Unlike
- [COVID-19 Infection Linked to 49% Higher Risk of Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-infection-linked-to-49-higher-risk-of-autoimmune-disease/) - A large meta-analysis of 97 million people links COVID-19 infection to a 49% higher risk of new autoimmune diseases, with lower risk seen after vaccination.
- [COVID-19 Still Causes Major Illness and Deaths Study Finds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-still-causes-major-illness-and-deaths-study-finds/) - New CDC-led study estimates millions of COVID-19 illnesses and ~100,000 deaths yearly, highlighting ongoing risks for older adults and people with immune vulnerability.
- [Study Links Long COVID to Lasting Inflammation and Immune Exhaustion](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/study-links-long-covid-to-lasting-inflammation-and-immune-exhaustion/) - A Nature Immunology study links long COVID to lasting inflammation and immune exhaustion, identifying immune pathways that may guide future treatments.
- [Persistent Inflammation May Link Long COVID to Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/persistent-inflammation-may-link-long-covid-to-autoimmune-disease/) - A new review suggests persistent inflammation after SARS-CoV-2 infection may drive immune dysregulation linking Long COVID to autoimmune disease.
- [Long COVID, PCC, and PASC: Understanding the Terminology](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-pcc-and-pasc-understanding-the-terminology/) - Long COVID, PCC, and PASC describe ongoing health effects after COVID-19. Learn how these terms differ, why they exist, and how they’re used in research and care.
- [Meta-Analysis Links COVID-19 to 11 Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/meta-analysis-links-covid-19-to-11-autoimmune-diseases/) - A large review shows COVID-19 infection may set off delayed immune reactions leading to autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
- [COVID-19 Vaccine Cuts Autoimmune Blistering Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccine-cuts-autoimmune-blistering-risk/) - Study of 112 million people finds that COVID-19 vaccination halves the risk of autoimmune blistering diseases, while infection triples it.
- [New Study Tracks Post-COVID Illness and New-Onset Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/new-study-tracks-post-covid-illness-and-new-onset-diseases/) - New study finds long COVID may involve more than lingering symptoms—26% developed entirely new conditions, from heart issues to autoimmunity.
- [MRI Shows Brain Changes in People With Post COVID Symptoms](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/mri-shows-brain-changes-in-people-with-post-covid-symptoms/) - New research identifies specific brain changes, inflammatory markers, and neurodegenerative signals in people with cognitive impairment after COVID-19.
- [New Research Reveals Genetic Clues to Long COVID Subtypes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/new-research-reveals-genetic-clues-to-long-covid-subtypes/) - Large multi-omics study identifies 32 genes and three biologically meaningful Long Covid subtypes, offering clearer insight into symptom clusters and underlying biology.
- [PCC Shows Clear Link to Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pcc-shows-clear-link-to-autoimmune-disease/) - A study of 38,327 people finds Post COVID Condition, sometimes called Long Covid, is associated with higher rates of autoimmune disease before and after infection.
- [Major Funding Boost for Long COVID and ME/CFS Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/major-funding-boost-for-long-covid-and-me-cfs-research/) - Germany will invest €500M to advance long COVID and ME/CFS research, validating the burden on patients and accelerating work on immune, viral, and post-infection mechanisms.
- [Autoimmune Markers Persist Two Years After COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-markers-persist-two-years-after-covid-19/) - Two years after severe COVID-19, many patients still show ANA positivity and inflammation, suggesting long-term immune dysregulation and possible autoimmunity.
- [GLP-1 Drugs Enter Formal Testing for Long COVID Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/glp-1-drugs-enter-formal-testing-for-long-covid-treatment/) - A new fully remote trial is testing GLP-1 drugs for long COVID. Enrollment is open now, and early participants can help accelerate long-overdue research!
- [Thyroid Dysfunction After COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/thyroid-dysfunction-after-covid-19-infection/) - Study finds 13.6% of COVID-19 patients showed thyroid changes, mostly mild and reversible, highlighting immune and inflammatory effects on the thyroid.
- [COVID mRNA Shots May Boost Cancer Immunotherapy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-mrna-shots-may-boost-cancer-immunotherapy/) - Studies show mRNA COVID vaccines may enhance cancer immunotherapy response and survival. New research suggests immune “priming” could improve future cancer care.
- [How SARS-CoV-2 May Disrupt Immune Tolerance](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/how-sars-cov-2-may-disrupt-immune-tolerance/) - Researchers describe how SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation may break immune tolerance, shedding light on post-COVID autoimmune risk.
- [Long COVID’s Cognitive Effects Depend on Sex, MRI Study Finds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covids-cognitive-effects-depend-on-sex-mri-study-finds/) - MRI study finds Long COVID affects brain structure differently in men and women, revealing sex-specific immune, hormonal, and emotional pathways.
- [Who’s Most at Risk from Long COVID’s Mental Toll?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/whos-most-at-risk-from-long-covids-mental-toll/) - Who faces the steepest mental and financial fallout from Long COVID? A new study of 375,000 U.S. adults offers answers.
- [Is Long COVID an Estrogen-Linked Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/influence-of-sex-hormones-on-long-covid/) - Researchers propose Long COVID may act like an estrogen-associated autoimmune disorder, possibly explaining higher rates in women under 60.
- [Sex-Based Body Responses to COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sex-specific-differences-in-physiological-responses-to-covid-19-infection/) - Using over 1.5 million hours of wearable data, researchers found distinct physiological responses to COVID-19 in men and women.
- [Biological Sex Differences in Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/biological-sex-differences-in-long-covid/) - What do hormones, immunity, and sex have to do with Long COVID? Three key studies shed light on why recovery may differ between women and men.
- [Can Catching COVID-19 Shrink Your Brain?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-getting-covid-shrink-your-brain/) - Brain scans before and after COVID reveal surprising changes that could explain memory loss, fatigue, and other lingering symptoms.
- [Autoantibody Responses in Males versus Females Following COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoantibody-responses-in-males-vs-females-following-covid-19-infection/) - Cedars-Sinai researchers found COVID-19 triggers lasting autoantibody activity in men and women differently, offering clues to Long COVID and autoimmune risk.
- [Second Infection May Double Long COVID Risk for Kids](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/second-infection-may-double-long-covid-risk-for-kids/) - Children reinfected with COVID-19 during the Omicron era faced twice the risk of Long COVID, highlighting urgent need for pediatric research and care.
- [Mindfulness Therapy Trial for Long COVID Begins](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/mindfulness-therapy-trial-for-long-covid-begins/) - Columbia University has launched a clinical trial to test whether structured mindfulness practices can ease symptoms of Long COVID. The study, called LONG-CALM (Long-COVID-19 Alleviation Through Learning Mindfulness), is recruiting participants with lingering post-COVID symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive problems, and reduced quality of life. The randomized, parallel trial will compare outcomes between patients who receive
- [Antiphospholipid Autoantibodies May Lead to Blood Clots After COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antiphospholipid-autoantibodies-may-lead-to-blood-clots-after-covid-19-infection/) - Last week, on February 17, 2022, the NIH released a media advisory discussing a recent study on rogue antibodies. These rogue antibodies, identified as circulating antiphospholipid autoantibodies, are thought to be involved in severe blood clotting following a COVID-19 infection. Antiphospholipid autoantibodies can be present in multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ANCA vasculitis, and
- [COVID-19 and Fertility Autoantibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/spermatogenesis-related-autoantibodies-in-patients-with-acute-and-long-covid-19/) - Study links COVID-19, but not vaccination, to autoantibodies targeting sperm-related proteins, raising concerns about fertility risks in acute and long COVID.
- [COVID-19 Severity and Autoantibody Production](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-severity-and-autoantibody-production/) - Study finds rising autoantibody levels track with COVID-19 severity, especially in older patients, offering insights into immune complications.
- [Autoantibodies & Long Covid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoantibodies-long-covid/) - A recent paper shared the results of a longitudinal study on autoantibodies in those with long Covid. Researchers measured levels of a variety of autoantibodies (ANA) and inflammatory markers in 106 patients who experienced a COVID-19 infection, as well as 34 patients who had a non-COVID infection, at 3, 6, and 12 months post-infection and
- [Autoimmunity & Severe COVID-19: Omicron Meta-Analysis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmunity-severe-covid-19-omicron-meta-analysis/) - Meta-analysis of millions examines severe COVID-19 outcomes in immunocompromised patients, including autoimmune disease, during the Omicron era.
- [When Doctors Don’t Have Answers, People Turn to Each Other](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/when-doctors-dont-have-answers-people-turn-to-each-other/) - More and more people living with long COVID are trying to manage their condition based on information they’ve found online through Facebook groups, TikTok videos, Reddit threads, and YouTube channels. These posts often share personal stories about treatments that worked for someone else, from vitamins and supplements to medications not officially approved for this use.
- [EBV Reactivation After COVID-19: What We Know (and Don’t)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/ebv-reactivation-after-covid-19-what-we-know-and-dont/) - EBV reactivation is common in severe and long COVID-19. New review links it to autoimmunity, fatigue, and flares, though causality remains uncertain.
- [Shingles Cases Reported After COVID mRNA Vaccine in Autoimmune Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/6-patients-with-autoimmune-inflammatory-disorders-develop-shingles-after-mrna-vaccine/) - Six autoimmune patients developed shingles after COVID mRNA vaccination. Study finds no causal link but calls for closer monitoring of adverse events.
- [Wildfire Smoke Exposure Worsened COVID-19 Outcomes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/wildfire-smoke-exposure-covid-19-double-whammy-for-the-immune-system/) - How wildfire smoke made COVID-19 deadlier: Fine particles in 2020 fires fueled more infections and deaths by overwhelming the immune system.
- [How Immunology Shaped COVID Vaccines and Beyond](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/how-immunology-shaped-covid-vaccines-and-beyond/) - An inside look at Dr. Shane Crotty’s work on TFH cells, COVID-19 immunity, and how vaccine science may shed light on autoimmune disease mechanisms.
- [Celiac Drug Shows Promise for Post-COVID Inflammation in Kids](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/celiac-drug-shows-promise-for-post-covid-inflammation-in-kids/) - Larazotide, first tested for celiac disease, helped children with MIS-C recover faster after COVID-19, offering new hope for post-viral care.
- [Synthetic Nanoparticle Blocks COVID-19 by Nearly 99% in Lab Tests](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/synthetic-nanoparticle-blocks-covid-19-by-nearly-99-in-lab-tests/) - Scientists from Swansea University, Freie Universität Berlin, and Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin have developed a synthetic sugar-coated nanoparticle that can almost completely block SARS-CoV-2 from infecting human lung cells. The tiny particle is coated with polysialosides, chains of a natural sugar called sialic acid found on human cells. Many viruses, including coronaviruses, use these sugars as docking points to start infection. By
- [Many Long COVID Studies Lack Comparison Groups, Review Finds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/many-long-covid-studies-lack-comparison-groups-review-finds/) - New review finds that nearly half of long COVID research lacks proper controls, raising concerns about definitions, diagnosis, and future care.
- [Long COVID Hits Women Harder, Especially Heart Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-hits-women-harder-especially-heart-health/) - New study shows women with long COVID are at higher risk for inflammation, leaky gut, and poor blood vessel function linked to heart disease.
- [COVID Infection May Trigger Chronic Fatigue Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-infection-may-trigger-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/) - It’s not just long COVID. A chronic illness with autoimmune traits is rising in survivors and this new study finally measures how often it happens.
- [Pandemic Brain Is Real, Even If You Didn't Get COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pandemic-brain/) - Brain fog, fatigue, cognitive issues — the COVID pandemic made it worse for many. A new study reveals how stress reshaped the brain itself.
- [Severe COVID May Cause Lung Scarring That Lasts for Years](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/severe-covid-may-cause-lung-scarring-that-lasts-for-years/) - A 2025 study found 61% of severe COVID survivors still have lung scarring three years later, with implications for those with autoimmune lung risk.
- [Sleep Troubles Are Common in Long COVID, but Treatments Still Lacking](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sleep-troubles-are-common-in-long-covid-but-treatments-still-lacking/) - A new review finds limited evidence for treating sleep issues in long COVID, stressing the need for better therapies—especially for autoimmune patients.
- [Enlarged Brain Structure May Be Behind Long COVID Brain Fog](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/enlarged-brain-structure-may-be-behind-long-covid-brain-fog/) - A new study links enlarged choroid plexus to brain fog and cognitive issues in long COVID patients, pointing to possible immune-brain interactions.
- [ACIP Update: COVID Still Dangerous for People with Chronic Conditions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/acip-update-covid-still-dangerous-for-people-with-chronic-conditions/) - New CDC data show most COVID-19 hospitalizations involve people with chronic or autoimmune conditions. Updated vaccination remains crucial for protection.
- [Why Men Are More Often Affected by Severe COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/why-men-are-more-often-affected-by-severe-covid-19/) - Men are more likely to develop severe COVID-19. A new study shows sex-linked immune responses may drive worse inflammation and NET formation.
- [COVID-19’s Link to Myasthenia Gravis: New Research Insights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19s-link-to-myasthenia-gravis-new-research-insights/) - A new study shows how myasthenia gravis cases differ before and after a major COVID-19 outbreak in China.
- [SARS-CoV-2 Infection May Trigger Celiac Disease in Adolescents](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sars-cov-2-infection-may-trigger-celiac-disease-in-adolescents/) - SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to trigger the production of autoantibodies for a number of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematous, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Studies drawing these associations have typically been done on adults. The results of a study were recently published on the prevalence of autoimmunity related to type 1 diabetes (T1D),
- [Data Confirms Long COVID Can Mirror ME/CFS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-mirrors-me-cfs/) - A major new study from the NIH RECOVER Initiative confirms what patients have reported for years: Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can look remarkably similar. Using electronic health records from 6.5 million adults, researchers developed machine learning models to identify clinical patterns and found that about half of the patients flagged for
- [How is Long Covid Manifesting in Pediatric Patients?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/how-long-covid-is-manifesting-in-pediatric-patients/) - A recently published article explores the diverse manifestations of Long Covid in pediatric patients. Using findings from a large-scale analysis of electronic health record data across 38 U.S. healthcare institutions, authors identified distinct clinical presentations of Long Covid in children and adolescents under 21 years of age without pre-existing chronic conditions. Researchers analyzed data from
- [Long COVID Research Moonshot Act: A Turning Point for Chronic Illness](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-research-moonshot-act-a-turning-point-for-chronic-illness/) - The Long COVID Research Moonshot Act (S. 4964), introduced in August 2024, proposes a $1 billion annual investment through 2034 to address the long-term effects of COVID-19 and other infection-associated chronic conditions. The legislation aims to accelerate research, improve patient care, and lay the groundwork for a broader understanding of how infections can contribute to chronic disease.
- [Do Long COVID and Gulf War Illness Share an Underlying Mechanism?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/do-long-covid-and-gulf-war-illness-share-an-underlying-mechanism/) - A proposed mechanism may link Long COVID and Gulf War Illness through immune cell reactivation and autoimmunity.
- [The Federal Long COVID Office Is Closing—Here’s What We Know](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/office-of-long-covid-research-and-practice-closure/) - As the federal long COVID office prepares to close, key questions emerge about the future of research, clinical guidance, and visibility for post-viral illness.
- [COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: 2025 Updates](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-and-multiple-sclerosis-2025-updates/) - The latest 2025 updates on COVID-19 risk, vaccines, and long COVID in people with MS, based on new findings from The Lancet Neurology.
- [Can Your Blood Predict Your Vaccine Response?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-your-blood-predict-your-vaccine-response/) - Can your blood count and T cells forecast your COVID-19 vaccine response? This new study says yes.
- [Bispecific Antibodies Effectively Neutralize Omicron Variants](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/bispecific-antibodies-effectively-neutralize-omicron-variants/) - Researchers have developed bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that provide potent neutralization against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including XBB.1.5, BA.2.86, and JN.1, according to a new study published in Science Translational Medicine. The study evaluated CoV2-biRNs, a series of next-generation antibodies targeting both the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Among them, CoV2-biRN5 and CoV2-biRN7 demonstrated the highest efficacy, surpassing the potency
- [Advancing Research for Infection-Associated Chronic Conditions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/advancing-research-for-infection-associated-chronic-conditions/) - Rory Preston’s CrunchME is leveraging data science to improve research, funding, and collaboration for Long COVID and ME/CFS, conditions linked to immune dysfunction.
- [Thyroid Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pre- & Post-COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/thyroid-autoimmunity-in-type-1-diabetes-pre-post-covid/) - A study found that thyroid autoimmunity increased in children with Type 1 diabetes before COVID-19 but remained stable during the pandemic, challenging assumptions about SARS-CoV-2's impact.
- [Long COVID Symptom Clusters Identified by NIH Study](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-symptom-clusters-identified-by-nih-study/) - NIH researchers have classified long COVID into five symptom clusters, aiming to improve diagnosis, treatment, and future research efforts.
- [Post-COVID-19 Autoimmune Rhombencephalitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/post-covid-19-autoimmune-rhombencephalitis/) - A new case study highlights autoimmune rhombencephalitis as a rare post-COVID-19 complication, emphasizing early immunotherapy intervention.
- [Autoimmune Experts Debate Long COVID Definition Concerns](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-experts-debate-long-covid-definition-concerns/) - Rheumatologists warn that a broad long COVID definition may blur distinctions between post-viral conditions and autoimmune diseases, complicating care.
- [Meeting Reviews Long COVID Definition and Care Challenges](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/meeting-reviews-long-covid-definition-and-care-challenges/) - A NASEM meeting examines Long COVID definitions, symptoms, and healthcare challenges, with insights into its overlap with autoimmune diseases.
- [Autoimmune Dermatological Symptoms after Covid-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-dermatological-symptoms-after-covid-19-infection/) - It has been estimated that 20% of patients who recover from Covid-19 develop dermatological issues. A literature review was recently published of studies accessed across several peer-reviewed research platforms using the keywords “post-Covid and skin manifestations.” A total of 44 studies published between January 2020 and January 2024 were analyzed in the review, and it was determined
- [Genetic Variant Tied to Autoimmune Disease Raises COVID-19 Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/genetic-variant-tied-to-autoimmune-disease-raises-covid-19-risk/) - A genetic variant linked to autoimmune disease may increase COVID-19 risk by upregulating ACE2. Research explores its impact and potential treatment with Tofacitinib.
- [COVID-19 and Autoimmunity: The Role of Autoantibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-and-autoimmunity-the-role-of-autoantibodies/) - COVID-19 triggers autoantibodies linked to autoimmune diseases, impacting severity and long-COVID. Learn how SARS-CoV-2 disrupts immune regulation.
- [Why COVID-19 Vaccines Are Less Effective in Lupus Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/why-covid-19-vaccines-are-less-effective-in-lupus-patients/) - Lupus patients have weaker COVID-19 vaccine responses due to impaired B cells. Research uncovers why and how future vaccines may be improved for them.
- [Does Sperm Have an Immune Function?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/does-sperm-have-an-immune-function/) - Over the last year, it’s become clear that SARS-CoV-2 infects a variety of tissues and can persist for months in them. In a recent study titled, Transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human spermatozoa associated with an ETosis-like response; scientists found that when SARS-CoV-2 invades the testes, the virus can persist for months in
- [Covid-19 as a Risk Factor for Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-as-a-risk-factor-for-celiac-disease/) - Eliminating gluten is the most important lifestyle change for celiac patients. For some, however, symptoms associated with their disease still remain, even after undergoing a gluten-free diet. One factor related to the pathogenesis of celiac disease is viral and bacterial infections, including Covid-19. This can potentially occur as the viral infection disrupts immunological tolerance, “influencing
- [COVID-19 Vaccines for Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccines-for-children/) - The U.S. pediatric COVID-19 vaccine program aimed to reduce risks of severe disease, but encountered challenges in achieving high vaccination coverage and widespread acceptance.
- [Long COVID, ME/CFS, and POTS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-me-cfs-and-pots/) - In an interview with Alba Azola, MD, lead author of the AAPM&R autonomic dysfunction guidance and member of the Johns Hopkins Post-Acute COVID-19 Team, key insights were shared about the overlap between Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Both conditions share debilitating symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and post-exertional malaise (PEM), but their
- [Persistent Post-COVID Symptoms Linked to Brain Stem Changes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/persistent-post-covid-symptoms-linked-to-brain-stem-changes/) - In a recent study, scientists examined whether brain stem changes might be associated with these persistent symptoms in post-COVID patients.
- [COVID-19 Spike Protein Linked to Autoimmune Brain Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-spike-protein-linked-to-autoimmune-brain-disorders/) - How lingering COVID-19 spike proteins can trigger inflammation, increase autoimmune risks, and impact brain health long after the infection clears.
- [Long COVID: Brain Changes and Cognitive Impact 2 Years Later](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-brain-changes-and-cognitive-impact-2-years-later/) - How long COVID affects brain structure, cognitive function, and quality of life two years post-infection, based on a study in Argentina.
- [COVID-19 Linked to Autoimmune Skin Diseases: Key Findings](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-linked-to-autoimmune-skin-diseases-key-findings/) - How COVID-19 increases the risk of autoimmune skin diseases like alopecia and lupus, with insights on severity, vaccination, and long-term impacts.
- [Long COVID Symptoms Differ in Adolescents and Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-symptoms-differ-in-adolescents-and-children/) - Discover how Long COVID symptoms differ in children and adolescents, with headaches common in kids and fatigue in teens. Learn about the latest research findings.
- [Holistic Vagus Nerve Treatment Cures Teen’s Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/holistic-vagus-nerve-treatment-cures-teens-long-covid/) - Dylan Smith, a teen from Maryland, suffered from severe pediatric long COVID, leaving him bedridden, unable to speak, and reliant on a feeding tube for three years. Seeking a solution, his family turned to the Spero Clinic in Arkansas, which specializes in treating Long COVID through vagus nerve therapy—a key part of the nervous system
- [The Role of COVID-19 in Rheumatic Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-role-of-covid-19-in-rheumatic-disease/) - Leonard H. Calabrese, DO, speaks about special considerations in patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19. These considerations include complications in immunosuppressed patients and COVID-19's role in promoting inflammation. He touched on some conditions that may be produced by COVID-19, including Sjogren disease, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults, and COVID-related anti-MDA5 (Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) myositis.
- [Understanding Long COVID in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/understanding-long-covid-in-children/) - A recent paper published in eClinicalMedicine addresses the impact of long Covid in children after conducting a 3-year follow-up in patients aged 0-18 years.
- [Vaccination's Impact on Autoimmune Disease Risk After COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/vaccinations-impact-on-autoimmune-disease-risk-after-covid-19/) - How vaccination impacts the risk of developing autoimmune disease after a COVID-19 infection, insights from a JAMA Infectious Diseases study.
- [Distinct Antibodies Present in Those with Long Covid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/distinct-antibodies-present-in-those-with-long-covid/) - Yale researchers identified altered immune responses and elevated autoantibodies in long COVID patients, linking them to neurological symptoms like pain and balance issues.
- [Autoantibodies Linked to Long COVID Neurological Symptoms](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoantibodies-linked-to-long-covid-neurological-symptoms/) - Explore the link between autoantibodies and neurological symptoms in long COVID from a recent study on medRxiv.
- [New Potential Target for Long Covid Fatigue Treatment Discovered](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/new-potential-target-for-long-covid-fatigue-discovered/) - July 29, 2024: Researchers have discovered a process in fruit flies linking inflammation to muscle fatigue, offering a potential target for treating persistent muscle fatigue following infections.
- [COVID-19 Impact & Vaccine Safety in Young Adults with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-impact-vaccine-safety-in-young-adults-with-autoimmune-disease/) - July 15, 2024: A recent article published in Rheumatology International examines how COVID-19 infection and vaccination affect young people with autoimmune disease, especially regarding disease flares, COVID-19 severity, and breakthrough infection. Using responses from the COVAD study, researchers analyzed data from over 20,000 participants and categorized them into two groups: those with rheumatic disease and those with non-rheumatic autoimmune disease, and compared them to healthy controls.
- [Can a COVID-19 infection Accelerate Type 1 Diabetes Progression?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-a-covid-19-infection-accelerate-type-1-diabetes-progression/) - July 17, 2024: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted potential impacts on autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. A study by German researchers, published in JAMA, suggests that young individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes may progress to clinical disease faster following a Covid-19 infection.
- [Lack of Association between COVID-19 Vaccination and Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Flares](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/lack-of-association-between-covid-19-vaccination-and-autoimmune-rheumatic-disease-flares/) - January 4, 2023 Some patients with an autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) are hesitant about taking COVID-19 vaccines. This hesitancy is partly driven by the possibility of vaccine-induced disease flares, self-reported by some AIRD patients following vaccination. However, whether AIRD flares were associated with the vaccination or just happened by chance around the time following vaccination
- [Occurrence of Autoimmune Diseases following COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/occurrence-of-autoimmune-diseases-following-covid-19/) - January 10, 2023 Several studies have reported the co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Guillain-Barre syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura) following COVID-19. The time between COVID-19 symptoms and the autoimmune disease symptoms in those reports ranges between 2 and 33 days. Scientists identified several components and mechanisms of the
- [COVID-19 Vaccine Tolerance in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccine-tolerance-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - January 26, 2023 Researchers from around the world collaborated to create an online survey for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) patients (excluding inflammatory myositis) to self-report COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events occurring within 7 days post-vaccination (1). 1,347 RA patients participated in the survey between March and December 2021. The most common
- [COVID-19 Boosters in Autoimmune Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-boosters-in-autoimmune-rheumatic-and-musculoskeletal-patients/) - February 1, 2023 Even though COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for patients with autoimmune rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (aiRMDs), clinical research is scarce on how a booster dose or infection following a two-dose primary series influences the immune system. Researchers in Hungary analyzed the immune response in aiRMDs patients after receiving a COVID-19 booster, as well
- [COVID-19 Drives Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-drives-autoimmunity/) - March 20, 2023 This Week in Virology podcast discusses the finding that infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to an increase in new and preexisting autoantibodies. Find the episode here! https://youtu.be/f9nx9NaVu2s [embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9nx9NaVu2s[/embedyt] Citation for report: Youtube. TWiV 993: COVID-19 drives autoimmunity
- [Chronic Fatigue Syndrome & Long COVID: Similarities and Differences](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-long-covid-similarities-and-differences/) - March 29, 2023 Over 60% of patients who experience a COVID-19 infection report physical and mental fatigue and what they refer to as “brain fog." These symptoms are often grouped as a post‑COVID‑19 condition or long COVID. Patients suffering from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), commonly known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), are also affected by similar
- [Long COVID and its Effects on the Central Nervous System](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-and-its-effects-on-the-central-nervous-system/) - March 31, 2023 Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, known as long COVID, affects many COVID-19 patients. Symptoms that characterize long COVID include loss of sense of smell and taste, cognitive impairments, depression, anxiety, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/ CFS), and so-called “brain fog,” an umbrella term for a collection of symptoms like impaired attention, concentration, memory, speed of
- [COVID-19 in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-in-patients-with-systemic-autoimmune-rheumatic-diseases/) - April 4, 2023 To better understand the impact of COVID-19 infections in patients with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (SARDs), researchers compared 185 SARD patients to a control group of over 8,000 COVID-19 cases from the Polish national database - SARSTer (1). They evaluated the characteristics, severity, course of infection, and disease outcomes. Patients with rheumatoid
- [COVID-19 Risk Factors & Mortality in SLE Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-risk-factors-mortality-in-sle-patients/) - April 12, 2023 “Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is uniquely poised at crossroads between the dysregulated immune system and the risk of viral infections, especially in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. This risk can be attributed to a multitude of factors such as lupus-related critical organ system dysfunction, accompanying comorbidities and the use of
- [Risk of Developing Autoimmune Disease Following COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/risk-of-developing-autoimmune-disease-following-covid-19-infection/) - May 1, 2023 A recent study exploring the association between COVID-19 infection and the risk of developing autoimmune diseases was published in the EClinicalMedicine journal. The retrospective cohort study was conducted by a team of researchers from various institutions in Taiwan using data from the “TriNetX database, which holds the largest global COVID-19 dataset.” The
- [Those with Autoimmune Conditions Have Higher Long Covid Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/those-with-autoimmune-conditions-have-higher-long-covid-risk/) - May 5, 2023 In a study called “pre-existing conditions associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19” published in the Journal of Autoimmunity, researchers investigated which pre-existing conditions increase the risk of a person developing long COVID. They analyzed data from 1224 patients who participated in the COVID-19 study in Arizona called CoVHORT. The statistical analysis showed
- [The Genetic Connection between COVID-19 and Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-genetic-connection-between-covid-19-and-lupus/) - May 16, 2023 Studies on COVID-19 reveal that genetic differences between people impact the severity of the disease. Those genetic differences affect the immune response pathways, including those that play a part in autoimmune diseases. That prompted scientists to compare the genetics of severe COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). They
- [Can You Get Celiac Disease From a COVID-19 Infection?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-you-get-celiac-disease-from-a-covid-19-infection/) - A recent article explores the potential association between COVID-19 infection and the development of celiac disease. The researchers hypothesized that there might be an increased risk of developing celiac disease due to a COVID-19 infection potentially triggering an autoimmune response in genetically predisposed individuals or the COVID-19 infection disrupting the intestinal barrier function, altering the immune response and contributing to the development of celiac disease.
- [Is Long Covid a Mitochondrial Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/is-long-covid-a-mitochondrial-disease/) - May 25, 2023 A paper published this month in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences outlines the increasing evidence that Long Covid may be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Exhaustion and/or weakness exacerbated by exercise is a well-known Long Covid symptom and mirrors symptoms experienced by patients with Chronic fatigue or genetic mitochondrial diseases. In addition,
- [COVID-19 Symptoms & Treatments in Autoimmune Disease Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-symptoms-treatments-in-autoimmune-disease-patients/) - May 30, 2023 A recent paper published in the Virology Journal reviewed what is currently known about COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. Authors of this article state that patients with most autoimmune conditions are generally at a higher risk of covid 19 infection. That being said, those with multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, vasculitis, and type 1 diabetes
- [Thyroid Health Following a COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/thyroid-health-following-a-covid-19-infection/) - June 7, 2023 Research on COVID-19 and thyroid health has indicated a connection between acute COVID-19 and thyroid dysfunction. However, there has been a lack of information regarding the long-term effects of a COVID-19 infection on the thyroid. Authors of a recent scientific paper investigated thyroid function, autoimmunity, the occurrence of long COVID, and the
- [How COVID-19 Triggers an Autoimmune Reaction](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/how-covid-19-triggers-an-autoimmune-reaction/) - June 13, 2023 A paper published earlier this year clearly outlines how a Covid-19 infection may be triggering the development of autoimmune diseases through three different mechanisms, which may intersect at different points of the inflammatory process. The first mechanism involves SARS CoV-2 virus infecting cells by binding to the ACE2 receptors. These ACE2 receptors
- [T-cell Responses in Long Covid Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/t-cell-responses-in-long-covid-patients/) - June 28, 2023 In a research letter on long Covid and abnormal lung function and/or structure (pulmonary sequelae) following a COVID-19 infection, authors shared findings around the possibility of viral reservoirs causing a prolonged T-cell response in this patient population. Researchers in Spain measured the subpopulations of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in the blood
- [COVID-19 Does Not Increase Risk of Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-does-not-increase-risk-of-celiac-disease/) - June 30, 2023 A study published last month suggests that a COVID-19 infection does not increase the risk of developing Celiac disease. Researchers in Sweden used the health records of 1.4 million inhabitants to examine the rates of new Celiac disease diagnoses in those who experienced a COVID-19 infection and those who had not. They
- [Caring for Autoimmunity & Long COVID with a Personalized Approach](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/caring-for-autoimmunity-long-covid-with-a-personalized-approach/) - July 5, 2023 There is no one-size-fits-all diet or lifestyle to improve autoimmune disease symptoms for all patients. What works for one person may trigger worse symptoms in another, even if they share a diagnosis. Because of this, personalized interventions are being explored to help patients find what works for them in a safe and
- [The Connection Between COVID-19 & Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-connection-between-covid-19-autoimmune-diseases-of-the-nervous-system/) - July 6, 2023 Authors of a literature review recently compiled scientific and clinical observations from the past three years regarding COVID-19 and autoimmunity. These included how a COVID-19 infection can affect the course of autoimmune disease, response to treatment(s), and how autoimmunity affects the severity of a COVID-19 infection. The authors noted the most pertinent
- [COVID-19 Vaccination in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccination-in-adults-with-inflammatory-bowel-disease/) - July 10, 2023 A recent review article covers current knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination in those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The authors concluded that IBD patients are not at increased risk of infection or serious illness from Covid-19. With the exception of patients taking corticosteroids, most IBD therapies
- [Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Those with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/safety-of-covid-19-vaccination-in-those-with-ms-nmosd-and-mogad/) - July 12, 2023 A recent paper outlined the findings of a new study on the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD). Researchers in South Korea examined the medical records of 56 patients (19 with MS, 22 with
- [Long Vax: Rare Link Between COVID Vaccination, POTS, and SFN](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-vax-rare-link-between-covid-vaccination-pots-and-sfn/) - July 17, 2023 A recent article published by Science Insider discussed a new concern about COVID-19 vaccine side effects colloquially termed “Long Vax.” There have been rare reports of people developing symptoms of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and/or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) following vaccination for COVID-19. These conditions lead to persistent headaches, fatigue, and
- [COVID’s Effect on the Brain, Gut, and the Role of the Epstein-Barr Virus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covids-effect-on-the-brain-gut-and-the-role-of-the-epstein-barr-virus/) - July 21, 2023 A paper recently released in Nature: Molecular Psychiatry presents current thinking on the mechanisms behind potential Long Covid treatments. Some of the most common and debilitating symptoms of Long Covid are neurological or psychiatric. Several studies have shown that the COVID-19 virus can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain (1) (2)
- [Side Effects & Rate of Flare-Ups in SLE Patients after COVID-19 Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/side-effects-rate-of-flare-ups-in-sle-patients-after-covid-19-vaccination/) - September 5, 2023 A letter published in Lupus Science and Medicine announced the findings of a recent study on Covid vaccine safety in those living with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Researchers examined medical records and utilized a questionnaire to study the experiences of 237 Lupus patients after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. They found the rates of vaccine
- [Susceptibility Gene Identified as Potential Long Covid Risk Factor](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/susceptibility-gene-identified-as-potential-long-covid-risk-factor/) - July 27, 2023 A recent preprint from medRxiv identified a gene that is thought to be a risk factor for developing Long COVID, complementing another article published in Nature which also reported that the gene FOXP4 increases the risk of Long COVID by 1.6-fold. FOXP4 is expressed in some immune cells, lung cells, and other
- [Micro Clots & Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/micro-clots-long-covid/) - July 25, 2023 One of the leading theories used to explain Long Covid symptoms involves micro clots. A publication in Nature last August tackled the topic. Researchers have observed abnormal clots in the blood of people with COVID-19 and Long Covid. The clots are very small and break down slowly. The theory is that the
- [COVID-19 Vaccination Effects in Those with Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccination-effects-in-those-with-multiple-sclerosis/) - August 1, 2023 A study published in Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation examined the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The COVER-MS study funded by the National MS Society used an online self-reporting database called iConquerMS to gather information from 719 adults with MS and record information on vaccine side effects. In
- [NIH Opens Enrollment for Long COVID Clinical Trials](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-opens-enrollment-for-long-covid-clinical-trials/) - August 31, 2023 As part of its Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative, NIH has opened enrollment for clinical trials at sites around the country that will test potential treatments for Long COVID. Treatments include drugs, biologics, medical devices, and other therapies. What is being tested? The RECOVER clinical trials will be conducted using “platform
- [New Therapeutic Target for Clearing post-Covid Brain Fog](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/new-therapeutic-target-for-clearing-post-covid-brain-fog/) - In a groundbreaking study, researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago investigated the neurological effects of a COVID-19 infection in mice and identified a promising treatment to mitigate cognitive impairments including symptoms such as brain fog and issues with memory.
- [Long Covid: One Disease or Several?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-one-disease-or-several/) - September 15, 2023 A recent review article published in Nature provides the most comprehensive compilation of research on long Covid to date, discussing what is currently known about its symptoms, prevalence, biomarkers, and disease mechanisms. The most common symptoms of Long Covid appear to be weakness, malaise, fatigue, impaired concentration, and breathlessness. Researchers agree that
- [Graves' Disease & COVID-19 Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/graves-disease-covid-19-vaccination/) - September 25, 2023 A number of case reports have been published discussing patients developing Graves' disease following COVID-19 vaccination (1, 2, 3). Some have hypothesized that adjuvants used in mRNA vaccines could cause the condition via molecular mimicry. A new study from the University of Washington Seattle may help assuage concern. Researchers used clinical records
- [A COVID-19 Infection Can Trigger Graves' disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/a-covid-19-infection-can-trigger-graves-disease/) - November 10, 2023 A new case study highlights an 81-year-old male who developed Graves' disease and thyroid storm one week after a COVID-19 diagnosis. A thyroid storm is a rare but severe and life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism that occurs when overactive thyroid activity leads to hypermetabolism and can result in death from cardiac arrest or
- [Acute and Longterm Health Implications of Covid-19 versus Seasonal Influenza](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/acute-and-longterm-health-implications-of-covid-19-versus-seasonal-influenza/) - December 22, 2023 In a research paper published this month, researchers utilized data from the Department of Veterans Affairs to compare both acute and long-term risks and health outcomes following hospital admission for COVID-19 and the seasonal flu. Health data from over 81,000 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, was compared
- [COVID-19's Connection to the Recent Rise in Respiratory Infections](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19s-connection-to-the-recent-rise-in-respiratory-infections/) - An article discusses the surge in respiratory illnesses in children in the US, China, and other regions during 2021 and 2022. The unusual timing and increased cases have sparked a debate on how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the rates of other infectious diseases. Terms like "immunity debt" and "immunity theft" have been coined to describe potential explanations for this correlation.
- [Increased Risk of Developing Alopecia Areata Seen Following COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/alopecia-areata-after-covid-19-infection/) - A research letter published this week discussed a study aimed to explore the association between COVID-19 infection and alopecia areata, given that COVID-19 infection has been previously found to trigger other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
- [Potential New Marker for Assessing Long Covid and Cognitive Slowing](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/potential-new-marker-for-assessing-long-covid-and-cognitive-slowing/) - January 29, 2024 A study published last week found that Long COVID patients exhibit pronounced cognitive slowing, particularly in simple reaction time tasks, compared to both recovered COVID patients and those who never had COVID. This cognitive deficit was significant, with long COVID patients responding about three standard deviations slower than healthy controls. The study,
- [The Connection Between COVID-19 and Thyroid Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-connection-between-covid-19-and-thyroid-disease/) - February 13, 2024 Lorem An informatives article by Dr. Jessica Nelson explores the relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It discusses how COVID-19 may impact thyroid function, potentially leading to non-thyroidal illness syndrome and subacute thyroiditis. The presence of ACE2 receptors in thyroid cells suggests a mechanism
- [Can Long Covid Cause POTS?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-long-covid-cause-pots/) - An opinion piece titled “Possible Role of Fibrinoid Microclots in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Focus on Long COVID” was recently published in the Journal of Personalized Medicine. It explores the relationship between postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), fibrinaloid microclots, and fatigue, particularly in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases like long COVID.
- [Is it Long Covid or Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/is-it-long-covid-or-multiple-sclerosis-symptoms/) - The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry analyses presented at the 2024 Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) Forum highlight the importance of understanding the unique impact of COVID-19 and Long Covid on MS patients and the challenges in distinguishing COVID-19 symptoms from MS symptoms.
- [A Form of Long Covid? Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease Following Covid-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/a-form-of-long-covid-autoimmune-inflammatory-rheumatic-disease-following-covid-19/) - An article published today called the Long-Term Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Outcomes of COVID-19, reports that rates of new-onset autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD), like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, increased significantly post-COVID-19 in South Korea and Japan.
- [NIH Launches Trials for Long COVID Treatment Breakthroughs](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-launches-trials-for-long-covid-treatment-breakthroughs/) - The National Institutes of Health (NIH) just released a news release announcing that they have initiated two phase 2 clinical trials, part of the RECOVER Initiative, to assess treatments for autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Long Covid patients.
- [Long Covid and ME/CFS: Shared Pathologies and Promising Therapies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-and-me-cfs-shared-pathologies-and-promising-therapies/) - Roughly half of Long Covid patients meet the diagnostic criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) according to a review article published recently in Trends in Molecular Medicine, called “Unravelling shared mechanisms: insights from recent ME/CFS research to illuminate long COVID pathologies”.
- [COVID-19 False-Positives Rampant in Those with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-false-positives-rampant-in-those-with-autoimmune-disease/) - A research correspondence published in the New England Journal of Medicine, titled Persistent False Positive Covid-19 Rapid Antigen Tests, highlights a phenomenon observed in rapid antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2, where some individuals, particularly women with autoimmune disorders, repeatedly test positive on rapid antigen tests despite negative molecular tests.
- [6 Month Effects of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/6-month-effects-of-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children/) - MIS-C is a hyper-inflammatory response occurring in children following COVID-19 infection. While more research has been conducted on the symptoms of this syndrome, not much is known about its long term impact on the overall health of children.
- [CDC Announces Recommendation of Pfizer Vaccine for 12-15 Year Olds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-announces-recommendation-of-pfizer-vaccine-for-12-15-year-olds/) - May 13, 2021 There have been over 1.5 million cases of COVID-19 among children, with more hospital cases than the annual flu in an average year (1). Most children with COVID-19 have mild or no symptoms. However, some children can develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) after a COVID-19 infection and require hospitalization. Yesterday, the CDC
- [Autoimmune Disease May Not Put You at Higher Risk of COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-disease-may-not-put-you-at-higher-risk-of-covid19/) - From what we know thus far, if you have an underlying condition or are taking immunosuppressant medication, you may be at high risk for severe complications.
- [Unexpected Discovery in RA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/unexpected-discovery-in-ra/) - Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the synovial membrane of the joints. While exploring the cause of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, researchers found that deleting a gene called ELM01 actually decreases, rather than increases, joint inflammation in mice.
- [Molecular and Immunological Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 being the Autoimmune Virus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/molecular-and-immunological-evidence-for-sars-cov-2-being-the-autoimmune-virus/) - “This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases.”
- [Autoantibodies linked to ADs associated with COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoantibodies-linked-to-ads-associated-with-covid-19/) - Several studies have reported autoantibody production being induced by COVID-19 infection though we still do not understand their full spectrum. This work reinforces the idea that a COVID-19 infection may trigger serious autoimmune disease, “suggesting that this occurs against multiple molecules with key functions in immune and vascular homeostasis such as GPCRs and RAS-related molecules.”
- [Vaccines and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/vaccines-and-autoimmune-disease/) - January 12, 2021 As distribution continues, experts are working diligently to uncover everything we need to know about the safety and efficacy of the emerging COVID-19 vaccines. The CDC advises the following: “People with autoimmune conditions may receive an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. However, they should be aware that no data are currently available on the
- [The P.1 Coronavirus Variant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-p-1-coronavirus-variant/) - January 25, 2021 A coronavirus variant (called P.1) that was first detected in Brazil was just confirmed by the Minnesota Department of Health as being the first documented case of the variant in the United States. (1) This variant has been particularly worrying scientists because of the mutations it has that let the virus spread
- [The B.1.1.7 Coronavirus Variant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-b-1-1-7-coronavirus-variant/) - February 11, 2021 The B.1.1.7 coronavirus variant was first identified in the UK this past fall, emerging in Colorado soon thereafter. According to the CDC, there have been upwards of 1,000 cases caused by the B.1.1.7 variant across 34 states as of February 9, 2021. California and Florida, two states that have taken vastly different
- [Autoimmune Diseases Reported to be Triggered by SARS-CoV-2](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-diseases-reported-to-be-triggered-by-sars-cov-2/) - March 4, 2021 The group at the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases of the Sheba Medical Center and the Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity at Saint Petersburg State University have comprehensively investigated and reported the association between various common pathogenic viruses and the development of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. In light of the
- [Some Immunosuppressants Dampen Vaccine’s Ability to Create Immune Response](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/some-immunosuppressants-dampen-vaccines-ability-to-create-immune-response/) - March 24, 2021 Last week, researchers at Johns Hopkins released the results of a cohort study measuring the antibody production of 436 solid organ transplant recipients following their first dose of an mRNA vaccine. Immunocompromised patients were excluded from mRNA clinical trials. The results of this study – although they’re exclusive to solid organ transplant
- [Vaccine and Immune Response Efficacy Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/vaccine-and-immune-response-efficacy-against-sars-cov-2-variants/) - April 6, 2021 The NIH published a news release on a recent NIAID study evaluating blood samples of COVID-19 patients to determine the efficacy of vaccines and the immune system’s ability to recognize and combat new SARS-CoV-2 variants. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns across the scientific community in regard to variant
- [COVID and the Development of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-and-the-development-of-autoimmune-thyroid-disease/) - May 25, 2021 A recent literature review illuminated the association between both relapsing and newly diagnosed thyroid disease, including Grave’s disease, following a COVID-19 infection. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid, causing an overproduction of hormones (hyperthyroidism). Reports were usually documented one month after a COVID-19 infection. Cases
- [COVID Infection May Lead to Influx of Autoantibody Production](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-infection-may-lead-to-influx-of-autoantibody-production/) - June 4, 2021 Yesterday, The University of Birmingham published the results of a study investigating the autoimmune response of COVID-19 patients. More specifically, researchers explored the type and frequency of autoantibody production in both short and long-term symptoms. Autoantibodies – antibodies produced by the immune system that can cause autoimmune disease by targeting one or
- [What is a Sarbecovirus and How Can it Help Protect Us Against Variants?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/what-is-a-sarbecovirus-and-how-can-it-help-protect-us-against-variants/) - September 14, 2021 SARS-CoV-2 is a subspecies of virus within the subgenus of sarbecovirus, which are all respiratory viruses. The easiest way to picture the lineage is by thinking of a family tree with a grandparent, parent, and kids.Here we can see that the “grandparent” is the overarching genus of beta coronaviruses (one of four
- [Autoantibodies Driving Severe COVID and the Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Feces](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoantibodies-driving-severe-covid-and-the-presence-of-sars-cov-2-rna-in-feces/) - May 23, 2022 This Week in Virology podcast discusses the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA but not infectious virus in feces, and the association of autoantibodies to interferons with severe COVID-19. Find the episode here! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ni6KtUtBZhk&feature=emb_imp_woyt
- [Molnupiravir & Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in the Treatment of Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/molnupiravir-nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-in-the-treatment-of-systemic-autoimmune-rheumatic-diseases/) - July 7, 2023 Molnupiravir (MP) and Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NM/R) were the first two orally administered antiviral drugs authorized to treat COVID-19. However, the last two phases of clinical trials testing MP and NM/R in COVID-19 were conducted in unvaccinated individuals and before the emergence of the Omicron variant. Additionally, clinical trials didn’t include people suffering from
- [COVID‑19 &  Breakthrough Infection in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid‑19-breakthrough-infection-in-patients-with-systemic-autoimmune-and-inflammatory-diseases/) - December 15, 2022 Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders, with subgroups such as dermatomyositis and polymyositis. COVID-19 infection is of special concern to patients with IIM and other systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (SAIDs), as they often take immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies for co-morbidities related to their disease. While the
- [COVID-19 in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-in-patients-with-myasthenia-gravis/) - December 8. 2022 Infections can exacerbate symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis (MG). To help understand the effect of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population, researchers in Iran analyzed 83 MG patients who tested positive for COVID-19. Among the patients in the study, 42% needed hospitalization, 14.5% were admitted to the ICU, and 5% required mechanical ventilation.
- [Risk of Glomerular Disease Relapse Following COVID-19 Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/risk-of-glomerular-disease-relapse-following-covid-19-vaccination/) - December 5, 2022 Authors of a recent study aimed to determine the risk of glomerular disease relapse following COVID-19 vaccination. Researchers looked at a group of 1,105 people living in Canada suffering from biopsy-confirmed glomerular disease, including membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, Lupus Nephritis, ANCA Glomerulonephritis, and C3 Glomerulonephritis. Vaccines most commonly used among patients were Pfizer
- [COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Autoimmune Liver Disease Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccine-responses-in-autoimmune-liver-disease-patients/) - December 1, 2022 Researchers conducted a prospective observational study of 76 autoimmune liver disease (AILD) patients, with about half receiving immunosuppressive medications. Participants included in the study did not have a COVID-19 infection prior to being vaccinated, and received a full course of either Sinopharm's BBIBP-CorV or Sinovac's CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine. AILD patients were compared
- [COVID-19 Vaccination and Uveitis Relapse](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccination-and-uveitis-relapse/) - November 10, 2022 Uveitis is a vision-threatening inflammation of the eye associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Several studies have suggested that COVID-19 vaccination can lead to the relapse of uveitis. However, this event is sporadic (0.9 cases per million vaccine doses). Recently, scientists studied factors influencing the risk of uveitis relapse in patients with a
- [COVID-19 in Patients with Behçet's disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-in-patients-with-behcets-disease/) - November 9, 2022 The authors of a recent study aimed to understand the prevalence of COVID-19-related clinical outcomes in patients with Behçet's disease treated with colchicine, TNF inhibitors, or glucocorticoids. The study included an online questionnaire with 244 Behcet's disease patients, 36 (14.75%) of which were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The infection rate among Behçet's disease
- [SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sars-cov-2-vaccination-in-patients-with-primary-and-secondary-immunodeficiency/) - November 8, 2022 A recent study, conducted in the UK, aimed to understand the risks associated with COVID-19 vaccination, monoclonal antibodies, and antiviral therapies in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency. Since people with immunodeficiency often experience impaired vaccine responses, investigating real-world vaccine efficacy in this group of patients is essential, especially since they are
- [Long COVID & Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/long-covid-systemic-autoimmune-rheumatic-diseases/) - November 1, 2022 Altered immunity and the use of immunosuppressive medications are factors which increase the risk of Long Covid in those suffering from systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). A recent study investigated prolonged COVID-19 symptoms in SARDs patients using data from the Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey. Researchers identified 441 people who suffered from systemic
- [Treating COVID-19 with Anti-inflammatory Medications](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/treating-covid-19-with-anti-inflammatory-medications/) - October 24, 2022 Researchers and physicians are developing strategies to decrease the inflammatory response in the early stages of COVID-19 (1). One possibility is using anti-inflammatory drugs, like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as an early treatment. NSAIDs are commonly used worldwide to reduce pain or fever, e.g., ibuprofen, or to treat inflammatory diseases, such as
- [SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sars-cov-2-vaccination-in-patients-with-multiple-sclerosis/) - October 19, 2022 Patients with chronic diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were excluded from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination trials. At the same time, vaccination is recommended for this vulnerable population. A survey-based study recently published in The Lancet analyzed vaccination reactions and disease deterioration after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among more than 6,000 MS patients in Germany and the
- [Risk of Severe COVID-19 in those with IMIDs](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/risk-of-severe-covid-19-in-those-with-imids/) - October 17, 2022 Immunocompromised patients are generally considered to have an increased risk for severe COVID-19. However, studies usually put immunocompromised patients in one category without distinguishing the conditions they suffer from, or they only observe a small subset of patients. In a recent study, researchers evaluated whether the patients suffering from various immune-mediated inflammatory
- [Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment in Long Covid Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fatigue-and-cognitive-impairment-in-long-covid-patients/) - October 10, 2022 In a recent study, researchers asked whether fatigue and cognitive impairment are indeed associated with a COVID-19 infection, and whether fatigue and cognitive impairment are separate conditions or appear together in the same patients. 969 people with a history of COVID-19 infection at least six months prior to the study were compared
- [COVID-19 Outcomes in Myasthenia Gravis Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-outcomes-in-myasthenia-gravis-patients/) - October 6, 2022 Researchers in Iran conducted an observational retrospective study to measure COVID-19 outcomes in patients previously diagnosed with Myasthenia Gravis (MG). COVID-19 infections can cause systemic inflammation, severe respiratory and neurological symptoms, and trigger a dysregulated immune response. These complications can lead to worse clinical outcomes for MG patients. In total, 83 patients
- [Omicron Breakthrough Infections in IMID Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/omicron-breakthrough-infections-in-imid-patients/) - October 4, 2022 Researchers in Amsterdam conducted a study to compare the severity of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in patients with immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) versus healthy controls. IMID patients were invited to participate between April 2020 and March 2021, and were requested (but not obligated) to recruit a healthy control of same sex
- [SLE Flares Post COVID-19 Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sle-flares-post-covid-19-vaccine/) - September 29, 2022 A study published in Lupus Science & Medicine analyzed the association between mRNA Covid-19 vaccination and SLE flare-ups using subjective and objective methods of measuring disease activity. 74 patients with SLE who received a COVID-19 primary series (Pfizer or Moderna) were each matched with an unvaccinated SLE patient (74 total). Co-morbidities included
- [RA and SLE-related Autoreactivities Present in Those with COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/ra-and-sle-related-autoreactivities-present-in-those-with-covid-19/) - September 26, 2022 A recent study was published as an accelerated article preview addressing the origin of autoantibodies by looking at patients with acute infection of SARS-CoV-2. Autoantibodies are a key characteristic of COVID-19 triggered autoimmunity, when B-cells self-direct instead of attacking foreign invaders (SARS-CoV-2 cells). At the time of the study, “evidence of autoreactivity
- [Severe COVID-19 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/severe-covid-19-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-patients/) - September 22, 2022 RA patients have been observed to experience severe COVID-19 at higher rates than those without rheumatoid arthritis. To further understand this association, researchers at the Mayo Clinic investigated severe COVID-19 and RA phenotypes (observable characteristics) such as rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, and erosive rheumatoid arthritis, to determine if
- [COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in those with Renal Autoimmune Diseases ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccine-responses-in-those-with-renal-autoimmune-diseases/) - September 16, 2022 A study published earlier this week investigated how effective a two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimen is for patients receiving Rituximab. Rituximab and other anti-CD20 B-cell depleting therapies lead to “impaired maturation of memory B-cells and reduced numbers of antibody-producing plasma cells.” Researchers measured the humoral and cellular immune responses, which correlate to antibody
- [Severe COVID-19 Cases and Death Rates show Downward Trend for those with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/severe-covid-19-cases-and-death-rates-show-downward-trend-in-those-with-systemic-autoimmune-rheumatic-diseases/) - August 15, 2022 A recent study, published in Epidemiology, analyzed trends in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) from the first COVID-19 wave through the initial Omicron wave. Their goal was to investigate how trends of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in those with SARDs have changed over time. Out of the 1,449 SARD patients
- [Autoimmunity, SARS-CoV-2 Infections, and Neurological Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmunity-and-sars-cov-2-infection-unraveling-the-link-in-neurological-disorders/) - August 5, 2022 Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present with a wide range of symptoms, from none at all to new neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes. New evidence suggests that an autoimmune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for neurological disorders in some COVID-19 patients. A 2022 review by Dr.
- [Responses in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis following Third COVID-19 Vaccine Dose](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/responses-in-patients-with-autoimmune-hepatitis-following-third-covid-19-vaccine-dose/) - July 25, 2022 Patients with autoimmune diseases often take immunosuppressant drugs in order to limit their immune system from attacking itself. These drugs have corresponded to a reduced immune response in patients after receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. More specifically, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients appear to have an increased risk of acquiring COVID-19. A 2022 study
- [IgG Antibody Responses Across 3 Doses of mRNA Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/igg-antibody-responses-across-3-doses-of-mrna-vaccines/) - July 21, 2022 A study published in the Journal of Autoimmunity evaluated the immune response of Pfizer and Moderna’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in participants with autoimmune systemic diseases. Diseases included rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. In total, serum samples from 244 AD patients were collected 2-4 weeks and six months after their first vaccine
- [Vaccine Efficacy in SLE Patients Across Multiple Variants](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/vaccine-efficacy-in-sle-patients-across-multiple-variants/) - July 15, 2022 A study published earlier this week investigated vaccine immune responses in SLE patients. This is one of the first studies on vaccine efficacy of a primary series and booster dose across multiple variants, including the BA.1 omicron variant, especially in an autoimmune disease patient cohort. Vaccine responses from 163 patients vaccinated between December 2021
- [Mechanisms Behind COVID ‘Brain Fog’ Beginning to Come to Light](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/mechanisms-behind-covid-brain-fog-beginning-to-come-to-light/) - July 11, 2022 New research published in Cell analyzed the brains of mice previously infected with mild respiratory COVID-19 and found residual signs of inflammation in several brain cell populations. These damages are thought to potentially explain the mechanisms behind the cognitive disruptions seen in some post-COVID-19 infections. The cognitive disruptions have become known as
- [Chronic COVID Infections Could be Causing New Variants](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/chronic-covid-infections-could-be-causing-new-variants/) - June 15, 2022 Nature magazine addresses what scientists are discovering about the evolutionary battle COVID is causing inside our bodies. Throughout the course of a chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus might be evolving into dangerous new variants. "Each person’s infection is its own universe, where new mutations arise as the infection spreads from cell to cell.
- [Treating COVID-19 with Immune Modulator Drugs](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/treating-covid-19-with-immune-modulator-drugs/) - June 10, 2022 Earlier this month, the NIH published a news release covering the results of a clinical trial with COVID-19 hospital patients treated with infliximab or abatacept. These drugs are often used to treat certain autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Topline results showed that these two immune
- [Antibody Responses after Additional COVID-19 Vaccines in Immunocompromised Persons](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-responses-after-additional-covid-19-vaccines-in-immunocompromised-persons/) - June 6, 2022 The Lancet recently conducted a literature review of antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised persons published between July 1, 2020, and September 27, 2021. Authors aggregated information from 23 studies with a total of 1722 persons who received an additional dose of a COVID-19 vaccine due to their immunocompromised status. Of the
- [Evidence Shows Thyroid Dysfunction Following Moderate-to-Severe COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/evidence-shows-thyroid-dysfunction-following-moderate-to-severe-covid/) - June 2, 2022 Research was recently presented at the 24th European Congress of Endocrinology in Milan, Italy demonstrating a link between thyroid dysfunction and a previous moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection. 100 patients who had been hospitalized for severe COVID had their thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels analyzed upon admission and a high occurrence of thyroiditis was seen, though
- [Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy in Those with SLE and RA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/inactivated-covid-19-vaccine-efficacy-in-those-with-sle-and-ra/) - May 31, 2022 A recent study, published in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, aimed to “investigate the seroreactivity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its adverse events among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and healthy controls (HCs)”. Seroreactivity is the reactivity of blood serum, especially to a virus, and involves the analysis
- [Autoimmune Hepatitis Reported Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmune-hepatitis-reported-following-covid-19-mrna-vaccination/) - May 26, 2022 Autoimmune hepatitis involves inflammation of the liver resulting from the immune system mistakenly attacking liver cells, which can result in cirrhosis and liver failure. The exact cause of the disease has been unclear up to this point, though genetic and environmental factors have been suspected to interact and trigger the disease over
- [COVID-19 Outcomes in Those with Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-outcomes-in-those-with-rheumatic-diseases/) - May 17, 2022 A study published recently in the International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases looked to “assess the characteristics of inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) patients in Kuwait diagnosed with COVID-19 and the factors linked with hospitalization, complications, and mortality.” The study population included 52 patients with a mean age of 55 years. “The majority of
- [What can a TLR7 Gene Mutation Tell us About Lupus and Severe COVID-19 Infections?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/what-can-a-tlr7-gene-mutation-tell-us-about-lupus-and-severe-covid-19-infections/) - May 12, 2022 A study published recently in Nature analyzed the whole-genome sequencing of a 7-year-old child diagnosed with severe lupus. Her genetics were of particular interest due to the fact that such a severe case of lupus with early-onset symptoms is considered rare and strongly indicates a single genetic cause. Their analysis revealed a
- [Brain Changes Observed in COVID Survivors Aged 60+](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/brain-changes-observed-in-covid-survivors-aged-60/) - May 2, 2022 A recent study published in JAMA Neurology looked at 3,233 COVID-19 survivors 60 years of age and older who had been discharged from hospitalization in Wuhan, China. The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term impact of COVID-19 on cognition and “investigate the 1-year trajectory of cognitive changes in older
- [Altered Gut Microbiome in Children with MIS-C and Previous COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/altered-gut-microbiome-in-children-with-mis-c-and-previous-covid-19-infection/) - April 29, 2022 A recent study was conducted by a team of researchers in Turkey looking at the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in children who had been diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and COVID-19. “MIS-C is a condition where different body parts can become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin,
- [Brain Fog Likely Caused by Brain Inflammation – It’s Not Just “All in Their Head”](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/brain-fog-likely-caused-by-brain-inflammation-its-not-just-all-in-their-head/) - April 12, 2022 “Brain fog” has been documented as a neurologic and long-term symptom plaguing those with some autoimmune diseases and more recently those with prior COVID-19 infection. A team of researchers presented their findings last week at the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2022 Annual Meeting where they discussed the neurological implications of long-haul
- [Weighing the Pros and Cons of Pausing Methotrexate for COVID shots](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/weighing-the-pros-and-cons-of-pausing-methotrexate-for-covid-shots/) - April 5, 2022 Methotrexate, a medication taken by many people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an immunosuppressant. This means that it reduces the activity of the immune system, which could potentially hinder protective vaccine responses. The American College of Rheumatology along with many rheumatologists have advised RA patients to pause their methotrexate usage for 1-2
- [Increased risk of Lupus, Scleroderma, and other Autoimmune-Related Diseases following COVID-19 Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/increased-risk-of-lupus-scleroderma-and-other-autoimmune-related-diseases-following-covid-19-infection/) - April 1, 2022 The American Academy of Dermatology 2022 Annual Meeting was held last weekend. A session presented by Brigham and Women’s Hospital clinical fellow of medicine Zachary Holcomb, MD showed that their research findings demonstrated a "signal triggering various autoimmune disease risks" following COVID-19 infection. Holcomb went on to state, "now we’re seeing some
- [Assessing the Safety of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in the Immunocompromised](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/assessing-the-safety-of-mrna-covid-19-vaccination-in-the-immunocompromised/) - March 18, 2022 In a research article published yesterday in Frontiers in Oncology, COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer and Moderna) safety was evaluated in a population of 566 immunocompromised patients including those with hematological malignancies (131), solid tumors (191), immune-rheumatological diseases (86), and neurological disease (158) including multiple sclerosis and generalized myasthenia. Overall, the “incidence of severe adverse events after
- [FDA Updates Recommendation Around AstraZeneca’s Evusheld](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-updates-recommendation-around-astrazenecas-evusheld/) - February 28, 2022 The FDA has revised its emergency use authorization for AstraZeneca's Evusheld, which has been recommended for immunocompromised persons 12 years of age and older. Due to emerging data, it has been observed that the original 150mg dose of each monoclonal antibody may be less likely to prevent infection than originally indicated. Thus,
- [FDA Authorizes Fourth Monoclonal Antibody Drug](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-authorizes-fourth-monoclonal-antibody-drug/) - February 15, 2022 Last Friday, the FDA authorized emergency use of Eli Lilly’s monoclonal antibody treatment, bebtelovimab, for treating mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Bebtelovimab has been shown to be highly effective against the Omicron variant, and is the fourth treatment made available for high-risk COVID patients. It has not been proven whether bebtelovimab can prevent severe disease,
- [Autoimmunity & COVID: Are You More at Risk?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoimmunity-and-covid-19-are-you-more-at-risk/) - February 7, 2022 Researchers in Italy studied whether autoimmunity increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients not taking immunosuppressive drugs. Researchers contacted 400 patients for phone interviews, 100 each with the following autoimmune diseases: autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, autoimmune thyroid disease (both Graves’ disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis), and Type 1 diabetes. Patients with more than one autoimmune diseases and those on immunosuppressants
- [COVID-19 Vaccine Outcomes in Dermatomyositis Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccine-outcomes-in-dermatomyositis-patients/) - February 4, 2022 A recent study published in Clinical Rheumatology evaluated the safety and efficacy of the Moderna, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines in 6,103 dermatomyositis (DM) patients compared to non-DM patients. DM patients were not observed to have a difference in anaphylaxis (allergic reactions) one day post-vaccination. DM patients were also not observed to
- [Antibody Levels in Immunocompromised Patients after Second Dose of mRNA Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-levels-in-immunocompromised-patients-after-second-dose-of-mrna-vaccine/) - February 2, 2022 A Comment piece was recently published in The Lancet Rheumatology regarding the antibody responses in immunosuppressed patients with rheumatic and muscoskeletal diseases. Researchers at Johns Hopkins tested antibody levels in patients at 1, 3, and 6 months after the second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Moderna and Pfizer). Patients with a previous infection of COVID-19
- [FDA Expands Authorization Around Remdesivir to Treat COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-expands-authorization-around-remdesivir-to-treat-covid-19/) - January 25, 2022 On January 21, the FDA expanded the use of remdesivir to non-hospitalized adults and children who have mild-to-moderate COVID-19, who are at risk of severe disease. Previously, remdesivir was only available to hospitalized patients. Remdesivir is administered via intravenous infusion over a three day period, and doses will be adjusted for pediatric patients
- [WHO Recommends Two More COVID-19 Therapies ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/who-recommends-two-more-covid-19-therapies/) - January 21, 2022 The WHO has recommended the use of two more COVID-19 drugs, one of which is a JAK inhibitor (baricitinib) used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Baricitinib has been recommended for those with severe disease, given in conjunction with corticosteroids. Sotrovimab, a monoclonal antibody, has also been conditionally recommended for those with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 with
- [Covid-19 Outcomes in Autoimmune Disease Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-outcomes-in-autoimmune-disease-patients/) - January 19, 2021 A research article published in Rheumatology last Fall summarized 30-day outcomes of autoimmune disease (AD) patients following hospitalization with COVID-19. Systemic inflammation present in many AD patients may increase the risk of blood clots and cardiovascular disease, which may lead to worse outcomes associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. This has been found to
- [Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Responses in Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-immune-responses-in-axial-spondyloarthritis-patients/) - January 13, 2022 A Comment piece was recently published in The Lancet regarding a small study evaluating the immunogenicity of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in 17 axial spondyloarthritis patients on TNF or IL-17A inhibitors. “All patients were managed according to treatment guidelines; secukinumab (150 mg) was administered every four weeks, and adalimumab (40 mg) was administered either every 2 weeks
- [Immunocompromised persons may soon receive 4th dose](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/immunocompromised-persons-may-soon-receive-4th-dose/) - January 12, 2022 Last Friday, the CDC updated their vaccine guidance for immunocompromised persons. It is now recommended that persons 12+ who are immunocompromised receive a booster dose. “If you are eligible for an additional primary shot, you should get this done before you get a booster shot.” Read more about booster doses for autoimmune disease
- [Results of Com-Cov Mix-and-Match Vaccine Study](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/results-of-com-cov-mix-and-match-vaccine-study/) - January 7, 2022 Earlier last month, results of the Com-Cov2 study were published in The Lancet. The Com-Cov2 study tested the efficacy and safety of mix-and-matching COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna and Novavax. The study included 1,072 participants 50 years of age and older. Exclusionary criteria included “history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, comorbidities that were considered severe or
- [Hybrid Immunity in Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/hybrid-immunity-in-autoimmune-rheumatic-disease-patients-2/) - January 6, 2022 Researchers at the Center For Arthritis and Rheumatism Excellence in Kerala, India, tested immune responses in autoimmune rheumatic disease patients (AIRD) after one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine following a SARS-CoV-2 infection versus two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine without a previous infection. Serum and plasma samples were collected from AIRD patients who
- [Antibody Responses in Pfizer-Vaccinated Immunocompromised Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-responses-in-pfizer-vaccinated-immunocompromised-patients/) - January 3, 2022 Researchers in Israel conducted a prospective cohort study analyzing antibody responses in immunocompromised patients after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. This cohort of patients was not included in original COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, but they may benefit most from vaccination as they experience higher mortality rates from COVID-19 compared to immunocompetent persons. Furthermore, “persistent
- [Mortality Rates Among Rheumatic Disease Patients During the First Wave of COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/mortality-rates-among-rheumatic-disease-patients-during-the-first-wave-of-covid-19/) - December 30, 2021 Research published in Rheumatology found that patients living with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD) were at double the risk of death from COVID-19 than the general population during the first wave of the pandemic. Rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases include lupus, giant cell arteritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, polymyositis, scleroderma, and Behcet’s disease, amongst
- [COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccines-in-patients-with-antiphospholipid-antibodies/) - December 28, 2021 102 patients at the Center of Research for Immunopathology and Rare Diseases in Turin, Italy, were surveyed to better understand the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. These autoantibodies increase the risk of blood clotting, which is also a verified albeit rare adverse event to vaccination with some COVID-19
- [UK Data on Vaccine Efficacy against the Omicron Variant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/uk-data-on-vaccine-efficacy-against-the-omicron-variant/) - December 27, 2021 A UK Health Security Agency technical briefing has reported that the new Omicron variant is able to evade antibodies from both vaccination and previous infection. Vaccine effectiveness was reportedly lower for Omicron than the Delta variant, with evidence of waning protection against symptomatic disease by 10 weeks after a booster dose. Using
- [Two COVID-19 Antiviral Pills Granted EUA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/two-covid-antiviral-pills-granted-eua/) - December 24, 2021 This week, the FDA granted EUA for two COVID-19 oral antiviral pills, which will be added as a second treatment protocol for COVID-19. Up until now, monoclonal antibodies have been the only authorized treatment for patients with COVID-19. Currently, Pfizer’s COVID-19 antiviral pill has been authorized for high-risk adults and children 12+ years
- [Sotrovimab and the Omicron Variant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/sotrovimab-and-the-omicron-variant/) - December 22, 2021 Sotrovimab, a COVID-19 monoclonal antibody treatment, was granted EUA in May 2021. The EUA includes mild-to-moderate cases of COVID-19 in those 12+ years of age with a positive COVID-19 test result, who are at high risk of severe COVID-19. Sotrovimab has not been authorized for use in those already hospitalized for COVID-19,
- [Efficacy of Moderna, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccines Against the Omicron Variant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/efficacy-of-moderna-pfizer-and-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccines-against-the-omicron-variant/) - December 21, 2021 In the past month, COVID-19 news has shown a spotlight on covering the spread of the Omicron variant, which has now been labeled the leading variant in the U.S. and accounts for three-fourths of total cases. Data coming out of South Africa, where the Omicron variant was first identified, shows a much lower hospitalization
- [Role of RNAaemia and the Immunopathology of Moderate-to-Severe COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/role-of-rnaaemia-and-the-immunopathology-of-moderate-to-severe-covid-19/) - December 17, 2021 A Viewpoint article published in The Lancet Rheumatology proposed that different presentations of COVID-19 may require varied approaches for treatment. Researchers shared that while mild COVID-19 may best be treated with antiviral cocktails, immunomodulatory therapy may benefit those with excessive innate immune responses in the lungs, including pulmonary immunothrombosis. One hallmark sign of COVID-19 is the
- [FDA Authorizes Pfizer Booster for Young Adults](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-authorizes-pfizer-booster-for-young-adults/) - December 10, 2021 Yesterday, the FDA authorized COVID-19 booster shots for 16 and 17 year olds. Young adults in this age group who’ve received two shots of the Pfizer vaccine may now receive a third dose, 6 months after their primary series. As of now, Pfizer is the only vaccine manufacturer authorized for emergency use
- [Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Authorized for Immunocompromised Persons](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/monoclonal-antibody-treatment-authorized-for-immunocompromised-persons/) - December 9, 2021 Last night, the FDA authorized a COVID-19 monoclonal antibody treatment by AstraZeneca for immunocompromised individuals, who did not produce sufficient antibodies following vaccination. This includes patients taking immunosuppressants. Evusheld was specifically developed to metabolize over a matter of months - perhaps up to six - meaning it offers longer-lasting protection against COVID-19. Evusheld
- [Adenovirus Vaccines and Blood Clots](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/adenovirus-vaccines-and-blood-clots/) - December 8, 2021 New research suggests how COVID-19 adenovirus vaccines may lead to extremely rare cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), an autoimmune response which can lead to fatal blood clots. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia was verified by the WHO as a possible adverse event to AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines earlier this year, following the
- [FDA Authorizes Eli Lilly’s COVID Antibody Treatment for Children under 12](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-authorizes-eli-lillys-covid-19-antibody-treatment-for-children-under-12/) - December 7, 2021 Last Friday, the FDA authorized the use of Eli Lilly’s monoclonal antibody treatment for young children, including newborns. “Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made proteins that mimic the immune system’s ability to fight off harmful pathogens, such as viruses. Bamlanivimab and etesevimab [which comprise Eli Lilly’s antibody cocktail] are monoclonal antibodies that are specifically
- [Antibodies, BMI, and COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibodies-bmi-and-covid-19/) - December 6, 2021 New research has studied the impact of BMI on the production of IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibodies in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Researchers collected serum samples from 30 patients who tested positive for COVID-19: 15 of which with a BMI < 25 and 15 with a BMI ≥ 30. 30 uninfected individuals served as
- [Final Analysis Caps Merck’s COVID-19 Antiviral Pill at 30% Efficacy ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/final-analysis-caps-mercks-covid-19-antiviral-pill-at-30-efficacy/) - November 30, 2021 Last Friday, Merck released a final analysis of its clinical trial for molnupiravir, their COVID-19 antiviral pill. An interim analysis stated molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization and death by 50%; it has now been lowered to 30%. Monoclonal antibodies, which are administered intravenously, have been found to reduce hospitalization and death
- [The Omicron Variant](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-omicron-variant/) - November 29, 2021 The WHO announced a new variant of concern last Friday. The Omicron variant has around 50 mutations from previous strains of the coronavirus, including over 30 mutations on the spike protein. Spike proteins are responsible for invading cells, but it is still unclear whether mutations in the spike protein allow variants to evade
- [EMA Recommends Merck’s COVID-19 Antiviral Pill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/ema-recommends-mercks-covid-19-antiviral-pill/) - November 23, 2021 Last Friday, the European Union’s drug regulator recommended the use of Merck’s COVID-19 antiviral pill, molnupiravir. Earlier this month, Britain became the first country to grant authorization. While molnupiravir has yet to be authorized by E.U. countries or the U.S., this can be expected in the upcoming months. In an earlier clinical
- [CDC expands eligibility of boosters for 18+](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-expands-eligibility-of-boosters-for-18/) - November 22, 2021 Last Friday, the CDC expanded booster eligibility for everyone over 18 years of age. Those who received a Pfizer or Moderna vaccine may now receive a booster dose 6 months after their primary series. Ahead of the CDC’s endorsement, an advisory committee to the CDC convened to discuss two new recommendations. Members
- [FDA Authorizes Pfizer and Moderna Boosters for 18+](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-authorizes-pfizer-and-moderna-boosters-for-18/) - November 19, 2021 This morning, the FDA expanded eligibility around booster shots of both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for adults 18+, six months after their primary series. Those who have received a Johnson & Johnson vaccine for their primary series can receive a Pfizer or Moderna booster dose two months after their single dose primary series.
- [Antibody Responses in Rheumatic Disease Patients Following mRNA Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-responses-in-rheumatic-disease-patients-following-mrna-vaccination/) - November 15, 2021 A prospective observational study presented at the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting measured the immunogenicity (ability to provoke an immune response) of mRNA vaccines in fully vaccinated rheumatic disease patients. Researchers used the Swiss long-term observational registry to study 441 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis. Participants completed an app-based
- [Antibody Responses in Vaccinated IBD Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-responses-in-vaccinated-ibd-patients/) - November 11, 2021 A study conducted out of Cedars-Sinai found that patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) produced strong antibodies following COVID-19 vaccination. Patients taking medications for other chronic inflammatory disorders have been observed to produce less antibodies depending on the medication they are taking to treat their autoimmune disease. Researchers measured the antibody
- [Why are Variants More Infectious?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/why-are-variants-more-infectious/) - November 10, 2021 New insights into the SARS-CoV-2 virus indicate that mutations in the alpha and delta variants may boost the virus’s ability to spread. Spike proteins are responsible for invading cells, but it’s been unclear how mutation alters the virus’s function. New research funded by the NIH focuses on the infectivity of both the alpha
- [Pfizer Announces COVID-19 Antiviral Pill](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pfizer-announces-covid-19-antiviral-pill/) - November 9, 2021 Last Friday, Pfizer announced that the clinical trial for their COVID-19 antiviral pill, Paxlovid, demonstrated high efficacy in preventing severe COVID-19 in at-risk persons. Paxlovid is unique and differs from Merck’s COVID-19 antiviral, Molnupiravir, by binding to enzymes responsible for the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibiting its life cycle. In their Phase 2/3 clinical
- [UK Approves Merck’s COVID-19 Antiviral Pill ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/uk-approves-mercks-covid-19-antiviral-pill/) - November 8, 2021 Last Thursday, the UK became the first country to approve an antiviral drug for COVID-19. Molnupiravir, developed by Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, is designed to stop SARS-CoV-2 from replicating by disrupting its genetic code. It can be taken orally from home to treat mild to moderate symptoms. Trial research shows that the pill
- [CDC Report Addresses Vaccine Efficacy in Immunocompromised Persons](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-report-addresses-vaccine-efficacy-in-immunocompromised-persons/) - November 5, 2021 In this week’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), the CDC addressed COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised persons. Studies and clinical data suggest that immunocompromised persons who receive COVID-19 vaccines may not develop robust antibodies, and may not be protected against severe COVID-19 like immunocompetent persons who have been vaccinated. In a retrospective
- [WHO Grants EUL to Covavaxin in India](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/who-grants-eul-to-covavaxin-in-india/) - November 4, 2021 Yesterday, the WHO granted emergency use listing (EUL) to Covavaxin, the first COVID-19 vaccine developed in India. The WHO stated that the vaccine met standards for protection at 78% efficacy against COVID-19 at any severity, and that “the benefits of the vaccine far outweigh risks.” The vaccine can be used worldwide for adults
- [CDC Recommends Pfizer Vaccine For 5-11 Year Olds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-recommends-pfizer-vaccine-for-5-11-year-olds/) - November 3, 2021 Last night, the CDC endorsed the ACIP’s recommendation to allow vaccination in 5-11-year-olds using the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. 5-11-year-olds will be administered two 10-microgram doses; those 12+ years of age are given two 30-microgram doses. During the ACIP meeting preceding the CDC’s endorsement, data was reviewed from Pfizer’s clinical trial in which 3,100 children
- [COVID Vaccination Did Not Lead to Severe Disease Flares in Rheumatic Disease Patients in New Study](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-vaccination-did-not-lead-to-severe-disease-flares-in-rheumatic-disease-patients-in-new-study/) - November 2, 2021 New research demonstrating that the COVID-19 vaccine was not linked to severe flare-ups in patients with rheumatic diseases was presented this week at the American College of Rheumatology’s annual meeting. The research also found a reduction in vaccine-induced antibody responses to be associated with rheumatic disease medications. Research trial participants included adults
- [Can a COVID Infection Trigger GBS?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-a-covid-infection-trigger-gbs/) - November 1, 2021 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neurological condition that results in damaged nerve cells. Cases of GBS have been verified by the FDA as a rare side effect to certain vaccines, including Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine. GBS has also been known to develop after certain respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infections and
- [Toleration of mRNA Vaccines in Those with Antiphospholipid Antibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/toleration-of-mrna-vaccines-in-those-with-antiphospholipid-antibodies/) - October 28, 2021 A research article published last week in The Lancet assessed the safety and tolerability of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in people with antiphospholipid antibodies. In a survey of 102 vaccinated patients (67 who received Pfizer and 35 who received Moderna), 52 had an antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis and 50 had antiphospholipid antibodies without clinical features of the syndrome. While
- [CDC Amends EUA to Include 4th Dose for Immunocompromised](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-amends-eua-to-include-4th-dose-for-immunocompromised/) - October 27, 2021 Yesterday, the CDC updated their guidelines on COVID-19 vaccines for those who are “moderately and severely” immunocompromised. People who fall into this category include those living with autoimmune disease, who are currently on therapies such as high-dose corticosteroids and other drugs that suppress the immune system. Those who received an mRNA vaccine for
- [Rheumatoid Arthritis Drug May Prevent Lung Damage From COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/rheumatoid-arthritis-drug-may-prevent-lung-damage-from-covid-19/) - October 25, 2021 A recent study has indicated that the autoimmune disease drug anakinra aided in the prevention of lung damage and death in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Inflammatory lung vascular leakage can be presented in cases of severe COVID-19, when severe inflammation leads to the buildup of fluid in the lungs, and directly impacts
- [CDC Endorses Boosters for Moderna and J&J Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-endorses-boosters-for-moderna-and-jj-vaccines/) - October 22, 2021 Last night, the CDC endorsed the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ (ACIP) recommendation in favor of booster doses for the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccines. The Moderna vaccine has been endorsed for use as a booster vaccine (at least 6 months after the primary series) in the following populations: those
- [FDA Authorizes Use of J&J and Moderna Boosters, as well as Mix-and-Matching](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-authorizes-use-of-johnson-johnson-and-moderna-boosters-as-well-as-mix-and-matching/) - October 21, 2021 Last night, the FDA issued a news release on the use of the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) vaccines, including implementation of the mix-and-match method for boosters. The agency amended the emergency use authorization (EUA) for COVID-19 vaccines to allow for booster doses, adding that, “the use of a single booster dose of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine
- [FDA Advisory Committee Discusses J&J Booster](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-advisory-committee-discusses-johnson-johnson-booster/) - October 18, 2021 On Friday, an advisory committee to the FDA convened to discuss an additional dose of Janssen’s Johnson & Johnson (J&J) COVID-19 vaccine. The voting question was: Do available data support the safety and effectiveness of Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine for use under EUA as a booster dose in individuals 18 years and older
- [FDA Advisory Committee Convenes to Discuss Moderna Booster](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-advisory-committee-convenes-to-discuss-moderna-booster/) - October 15, 2021 Yesterday, an advisory committee to the FDA convened to discuss the use of booster shots by Moderna. The committee voted unanimously in favor (19 to 0) of a booster dose for the following groups: those 65+ years in age those 18-64 years in age who are at high risk of severe COVID-19
- [Incidence of Vaccine Adverse Events in Autoimmune Disease Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/incidence-of-vaccine-adverse-events-in-autoimmune-disease-patients/) - October 14, 2021 A comment piece published in The Lancet Rheumatology examined the results of a questionnaire assessing adverse events in those with autoimmune disease (AD) following their first COVID-19 vaccination. Participants were asked (but not obligated) to recruit a “healthy” control of similar age and sex. They were asked whether they had 1) received a
- [Study Finds That SLE Diagnosis Doubles Risk of Death From COVID Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/study-finds-that-sle-diagnosis-doubles-risk-of-death-from-covid-19-infection/) - October 13, 2021 Data coming from Brazil has indicated that those living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at higher risk of acute respiratory death syndrome (ARDS) from COVID-19 than the general population. ARDS is responsible for up to 20% of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil, and includes a positive COVID-19 PCR test and flu-like symptoms,
- [WHO Committee Recommends That Immunocompromised Get Third Dose of COVID Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/who-committee-recommends-that-immunocompromised-get-third-dose-of-covid-19-vaccine/) - October 12, 2021 Yesterday, an advisory committee to the WHO made a recommendation for immunocompromised persons to receive a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, from one of seven manufacturers. These include Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Sinovac, Sinopharm and Serum Institute of India. Committee members also recommended a third dose for those 60+
- [Merck Submits COVID Antiviral Pill for EUA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/merck-submits-covid-19-antiviral-pill-for-eua/) - October 11, 2021 This morning, the pharmaceutical company Merck submitted an application for EUA of their COVID-19 oral antiviral pill. If accepted, this will become the first pill authorized by the FDA to treat COVID-19. Other FDA authorized COVID-19 treatments must be administered intravenously or via injection. The antiviral, called Molnupiravir, will be used to treat
- [Could 'COVID Toes' Be An Autoimmune Response?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/could-covid-toes-be-an-autoimmune-response-2/) - October 7, 2021 Doctors from the Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris published a study this week in the British Journal of Dermatology, examining a skin condition called chilblain-like lesions (CLL) that some are developing alongside their COVID-19 infection. Chilblains is a skin condition thought to be triggered by cold that causes redness, swelling, blisters, or red/purple bumps
- [AstraZeneca Submits EUA for COVID Antibody Prophylaxis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/astrazeneca-submits-eua-for-covid-19-antibody-prophylaxis/) - October 5, 2021 AstraZeneca published a press release today stating that their long-acting antibody (LAAB) combination, AZD7442, has been shown to reduce the risk of symptomatic Covid-19 by 77% in a clinical trial. The trial included many participants who had medical conditions placing them at greater risk of severe illness and those who had not been producing sufficient
- [IBD Patients Taking Biologics Are Not More Prone to Severe COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/ibd-patients-taking-biologics-are-not-more-prone-to-severe-covid-19/) - October 4, 2021 SECURE-IBD is an international collaborative database monitoring COVID-19 outcomes in IBD patients. Previous reports have indicated that IBD patients on corticosteroids and mesalamine/ sulfasalazine have an increased risk of severe COVID-19, while those on TNF antagonists do not. Proceeding analysis indicated that patients on combination therapy with TNF antagonists and thiopurines also
- [Dose 3 Adverse Reactions Similar to Dose 2](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/dose-3-adverse-reactions-similar-to-dose-2/) - October 1, 2021 This morning, the CDC released their Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report focusing on third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. The report referenced Pfizer’s Phase 3 clinical trial, which included 306 participants, ages 18-55, who received a booster dose. Doses were administered 5-8 months after completion of a primary series using mRNA vaccines. Adverse
- [Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Anti-CD20 Therapy Create Antibodies Following COVID Vaccination ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/multiple-sclerosis-patients-on-anti-cd20-therapy-create-antibodies-following-covid-19-vaccination-2/) - September 30, 2021 A study published in Nature has shown that multiple sclerosis patients undergoing anti-CD20 therapy were able to create robust T-cells following vaccination with an mRNA vaccine. Anti-CD20 treatments are often used for cancer immunotherapy, neurology, and rheumatology, depleting B cells which attack the myelin sheath and eventually erode the nerves in those
- [COVID Infection May Trigger Development of Autoantibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-infection-may-trigger-development-of-autoantibodies/) - September 28, 2021 New research indicates that cases of severe COVID-19 may lead to the production of autoantibodies, antibodies which mistakenly attack a person’s own cells. Recent reports have compared these autoantibodies to those seen in autoimmune diseases like MS and lupus. This being said, there have also been cases of autoimmune responses in those with
- [WHO Endorses Regeneron’s COVID-19 Antibody Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/who-endorses-regenerons-covid-19-antibody-treatment/) - September 27, 2021 Last Friday, the WHO endorsed the use of Regeneron’s monoclonal antibody cocktail for patients at high risk of being hospitalized due to severe COVID-19. Others eligible for treatment include those unable to develop antibodies to COVID-19, through previous infection or vaccination. This includes immunocompromised persons. Regeneron’s casirivimab and imdevimab antibody cocktail, administered
- [CDC Statement on ACIP Booster Recommendations](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cdc-statement-on-acip-booster-recommendations-2/) - September 24, 2021 This morning, the CDC released a statement regarding who should get a Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine booster. In an unexpected move, the CDC overruled the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ (ACIP) recommendations from yesterday, when they voted 6-9 against recommending a booster for those at high risk of occupational exposure (such as healthcare
- [New Study Investigates COVID Vaccine in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma, Myositis, and Sjogren’s Syndrome Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/new-study-investigates-covid-19-vaccine-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-scleroderma-myositis-and-sjogrens-syndrome-patients/) - September 23, 2021 The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center is recruiting participants for a new study investigating the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in those living with autoimmune disease, including rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, myositis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. Autoimmune disease patients were not included in original COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, and there is “little information
- [Results of Friday’s FDA Advisory Committee Meeting](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/results-of-fridays-fda-advisory-committee-meeting/) - September 20, 2021 Last Friday, the FDA’s key advisory committee convened for an 8-hour meeting to discuss and vote on boosters for those 16+ years of age. 84% of committee members voted “no” on boosters for the general population, citing safety concerns and a lack of data on the reduction of transmission after a third
- [Autoantibodies Can Predict Development of Severe COVID by Up To 92.8%](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/autoantibodies-can-predict-development-of-severe-covid-19-by-up-to-92-8/) - September 16, 2021 A study published last week in Life Science Alliance analyzed blood samples from 115 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 and 42 uninfected controls and discovered the presence of autoantibodies in 36% of COVID-19 hospital patients. A strong association was made between the presence of these self-attacking immune system defense molecules and the more severe
- [Risk of Relapse is Low for MS patients After COVID Vaccination, Study Finds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/risk-of-relapse-is-low-for-ms-patients-after-covid-19-vaccination-study-finds/) - September 15, 2021 Research published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry has indicated that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients did not see a rise in symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination with the Pfizer vaccine. Cohort characteristics included 93.5% of patients having relapsing-remitting MS, 4.6% having secondary progressive disease, and 1.9% having primary progressive disease. The
- [Hot Off the Press: “Considerations in Boosting COVID Vaccine Immune Responses”](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/hot-off-the-press-considerations-in-boosting-covid-19-vaccine-immune-responses/) - September 13, 2021 This morning, The Lancet published a viewpoint article regarding COVID-19 boosters; co-authors include Dr. Krause and Dr. Gruber from the Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The authors begin by addressing boosters for immunocompromised persons, stating it is still unknown whether this population would receive worthwhile benefit from an
- [Granulocytes May Weaken the COVID Immune Response](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/granulocytes-may-weaken-the-covid-19-immune-response/) - September 10, 2021 Low-density granulocytes (LDG) are a type of white blood cell known to circulate at increased levels in certain autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis) but are still poorly understood in relation to viral infections. The rise of SARS-CoV-2 highlighted the need to investigate these cells and their mechanisms, as they are known
- [COVID Vaccination Responses in IMID Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccination-responses-in-imid-patients/) - September 9, 2021 Today, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center announced a new study evaluating the impact of COVID-19 vaccines in participants living with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Common IMIDs include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and Type 1 Diabetes. The study will include 2,500 patients with IMIDs, testing antibody levels up
- [Vaccination Reduces Risk of Long COVID by 49% ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/vaccination-reduces-risk-of-long-covid-by-49/) - September 8, 2021 According to a study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, those who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 are 49% less likely to develop Long Covid in the unlikely event they contract COVID-19. Researchers at King’s College London analyzed self-reported data on the UK ZOE Covid app from approximately 1.2 million participants who received a
- [Can GBS Return Following COVID Vaccination?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-gbs-return-following-covid-vaccination/) - September 7, 2021 A research letter, published in JAMA Network last week, studied the rate of recurrent Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) following vaccination with the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and found the risk to be extremely low. This retrospective cohort study utilized medical data from the second largest health maintenance organization in Israel,* including 579 previously diagnosed GBS patients who
- [Experiences of COVID Infection and Vaccination in Those with Sjogren’s](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/experiences-of-covid-19-infection-and-vaccination-in-those-with-sjogrens/) - September 3, 2021 This week, Rheumatology International published a study on the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. The study included 137 participants who completed an online questionnaire-based survey. 31 patients responded that they previously experienced a COVID-19 infection, one of which had been completely asymptomatic. 17 patients said their
- [~89% of Those with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions Produce Antibodies Following Vaccination, Despite Immunosuppressant Usage](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/89-of-those-with-chronic-inflammatory-conditions-produce-antibodies-following-vaccination-despite-immunosuppressant-usage/) - September 2, 2021 The Washington University School of Medicine is conducting a study called COVaRiPAD (COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Patients with Autoimmune Disease). The team just published research looking at the effect of immunosuppression on the efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. They found that 88.7% of patients with chronic inflammatory conditions* (CID), including rheumatoid arthritis
- [NIH Launches Clinical Trial Studying COVID Booster Response in Autoimmune Disease Non‐Responders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-launches-clinical-trial-studying-covid‐19-booster-response-in-autoimmune-disease-non‐responders/) - September 1, 2021 Earlier this week, the NIH announced that they are launching a new clinical trial to determine the antibody response of a booster dose in autoimmune disease patients who did not respond to an initial full dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The NIH estimates that 8% of Americans live with an autoimmune disease
- [ACIP Votes in Favor of the Pfizer Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-acip-votes-in-favor-of-the-pfizer-vaccine/) - August 31, 2021 Yesterday, the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) convened to discuss the FDA approval of Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine, booster shots, and updates around vaccine safety. Committee members voted unanimously in favor of the vaccine for those 16+ years of age. Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine was approved by the FDA on August 23,
- [Study Links Risk of Myocarditis with Pfizer Vaccination but Finds Even Higher Risk of Myocarditis Following COVID Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/study-links-risk-of-myocarditis-with-pfizer-vaccination-but-finds-even-higher-risk-of-myocarditis-following-covid-19-infection/) - August 26, 2021 A real-world case-control study from Israel, published yesterday, studied cohorts of individuals vaccinated with the Pfizer COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and unvaccinated individuals who became infected with SARS-CoV-2 for adverse effects. The vaccination cohorts included a mean of 884,828 vaccinated persons, with a median age of 38 years, and the SARS-CoV-2 infection cohort
- [RSV Cases are Too High and Too Early This Year](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/rsv-cases-are-too-high-and-too-early-this-year/) - August 23, 2021 Cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been on the rise this summer, which is unusual given that RSV typically strikes in November and peaks in December/January. This unexpected increase prompted officials with the Ohio Department of Health to hold a briefing today discussing the rise in this common respiratory virus that
- [Pfizer-BioNTech COVID Vaccine Receives Full FDA Approval](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-receives-full-fda-approval/) - August 23, 2021 Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first COVID-19 vaccine. “The vaccine has been known as the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, and will now be marketed as Comirnaty (koe-mir’-na-tee), for the prevention of COVID-19 disease in individuals 16 years of age and older. The vaccine also continues to be available under
- [AstraZeneca Announces Non-Vaccine COVID Prevention Therapy with 77% Efficacy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/astrazeneca-announces-non-vaccine-covid-prevention-therapy-with-77-efficacy/) - August 20, 2021 AstraZeneca just announced that they’ve developed a non-vaccine therapy, called AZD7442, which reduces the risk of developing COVID-19. This combination of two long-acting antibodies* (LAAB) is administered intramuscularly and was found to cut the risk of developing symptomatic COVID-19 by 77% compared to placebo in the clinical trial. The trial included 5,197
- [Increase in JIA Flare-Ups Seen During COVID Lockdown in Italy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/increase-in-jia-flare-ups-seen-during-covid-lockdown-in-italy/) - August 19, 2021 This week, a team of researchers reported online in Arthritis Care & Research that the rate of disease flares among juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients* increased from 6.3% in 2019 to 16.9% in 2020. The elevation was seen even though the patients had adhered to their medication regimens and had been in
- [Immune Response and Disease Flares Low in SLE Patients Following COVID Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/immune-response-and-disease-flares-low-in-sle-patients-following-covid-19-vaccination/) - August 17, 2021 Recently, the results of a study focusing on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 was published, making it the first study of its kind. The 90 SLE patients participating in the study were recruited from the NYU Lupus Cohort and were compared against a group of
- [First Dose of Pfizer Vaccine Increases Antibodies in Those with Prior COVID Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/first-dose-of-pfizer-vaccine-increases-antibodies-in-those-with-prior-covid-19-infection/) - August 16, 2021 A team of doctors affiliated with the Rush University Medical Center recently wrote a research letter summarizing recent findings on Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine. Notably, the investigators “observed higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in previously infected individuals after 1 dose of [Pfizer] compared with infection-naive individuals after two doses.” The study also found that
- [Cognitive Consequences of COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/cognitive-consequences-of-covid-19/) - August 15, 2021 A recent study conducted in the UK sought to confirm whether there was an association between cognitive performance data from 81,337 participants and COVID-19 case data. Data included in the study were collected between January and December 2020, and participants completed an extended questionnaire (with questions pertaining to COVID-19 infection), as well
- [FDA Authorizes Additional Dose for Immunocompromised Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-authorizes-additional-dose-for-immunocompromised-patients/) - August 13, 2021 Last night, the FDA authorized the use of an additional dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccines for those who are immunocompromised and may not have developed sufficient antibodies after a full dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. These patients include those who have received solid organ transplants, as well as “those who
- [Using Infliximab to Treat COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/using-infliximab-to-treat-covid-19/) - August 12, 2021 Yesterday, the WHO announced that three drugs are being tested as effective treatments for COVID-19. The trial will include infliximab, which is currently approved to treat autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. So far, infliximab has shown decreased mortality risks for those infected with COVID-19 when used as a treatment,
- [The Effect of Anti-CD20 Therapies on SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-effect-of-anti-cd20-therapies-on-sars-cov-2-immune-responses-in-multiple-sclerosis-patients/) - August 11, 2021 Researchers in France investigated the humoral immune response to COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMO-SD). Humoral immune responses use antibodies to protect against reinfection when exposed to a foreign invader. The results of the study showed a high seroconversion rate in patients with MS and NMO-SD after
- [Antibody Development Following COVID Vaccine in Autoimmune Disease Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-development-following-covid-19-vaccine-in-autoimmune-disease-patients/) - August 10, 2021 A study coming from the Netherlands looks at the immune response following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune disease, focusing specifically on the effects of different immunosuppressive drugs on antibody development. Researchers used serum samples from 289 patients without autoimmune disease, who served as the control group, and 632 patients with autoimmune
- [Pending Authorization of COVID Booster for Immunocompromised Population](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pending-authorization-of-covid-19-booster-for-immunocompromised-population/) - August 9, 2021 Last Thursday during a White House briefing, Dr. Fauci stated the need for a booster shot in immunocompromised persons, as they are often unable to produce sufficient antibodies against COVID-19. Dr. Fauci stated that CDC and FDA officials are working to get this population an additional dose “as quickly as possible,” with
- [Rheumatic Flares Uncommon Following COVID Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/rheumatic-flares-uncommon-following-covid-19-vaccination/) - August 6, 2021 A recent study published by Arthritis & Rheumatology evaluated disease flares and post-vaccination reactions in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) following two doses of an mRNA vaccine. The most common diseases amongst patients in the study were inflammatory arthritis (47%), systemic lupus erythematosus (20%), and mixed connective tissue disease (20%).
- [Antibody Response in IBD Patients After COVID Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/antibody-response-in-ibd-patients-after-covid-19-infection/) - August 5, 2021 Canadian researchers at the University of Calgary have published a study testing the antibody response after a COVID-19 infection in those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many IBD patients take immunosuppressive therapies for their autoimmune disease, which may inhibit the development of antibodies after a COVID-19 infection or the vaccine. This population
- [Regeneron's Antibody Cocktail Authorized For Use as Prophylaxis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/regenerons-antibody-cocktail-authorized-for-use-as-prophylaxis/) - August 3, 2021 Last Friday, Regeneron announced the FDA’s decision to expand the EUA for their antibody cocktail as a prophylaxis (action taken to prevent disease, especially by specified means or against a specified disease). Previously, it was authorized for non-hospitalized patients aged 12+ who tested positive for a COVID-19 infection and were at risk
- [The Immunogenicity and Safety of the CoronaVac Vaccine in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-immunogenicity-and-safety-of-the-coronavac-vaccine-in-patients-with-autoimmune-rheumatic-diseases/) - August 2, 2021 Last Friday, Nature Medicine published the results of a Phase 4 trial on the CoronaVac vaccine, which took place in Brazil. This trial aimed to evaluate both the immunogenicity and safety of CoronaVac in 910 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). Immunogenicity measures the ability of a vaccine to induce an immune
- [Breakthrough Infections After COVID Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/breakthrough-infections-after-covid-19-vaccination/) - July 30, 2021 On Wednesday, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study evaluating data obtained from fully vaccinated healthcare workers at Israel’s largest hospital. The study focused on breakthrough Covid-19 infections, defined as detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus via a RT-PCR test 11 or more days after receiving the second dose of the
- [Clinical Research Supports Efficacy of COVID Booster for Immunocompromised Patients, Federal Authorization Expected to Follow](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/clinical-research-supports-efficacy-of-covid-19-booster-for-immunocompromised-patients-federal-authorization-expected-to-follow/) - July 27, 2021 During an Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) meeting last week, CDC staff confirmed that a third dose booster may be on the horizon for those who are immunocompromised. This comes after promising data of a third dose eliciting a robust immune response in those who had previously received a full dose
- [EMA Authorizes the Use of Moderna’s COVID Vaccine in Children 12+](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/ema-authorizes-the-use-of-modernas-covid-19-vaccine-in-children-12/) - July 26, 2021 This past Friday, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorized the use of Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine in children 12+ years of age. This will be the second vaccine manufacturer to be authorized for use in those 12+, alongside Pfizer. Children will be given two shots, four weeks apart, which is the same dosing
- [Are Pericytes How the Coronavirus Can Sneak Past the Blood-Brain Barrier?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/are-pericytes-how-the-coronavirus-can-sneak-past-the-blood-brain-barrier/) - July 23, 2021 Research and clinical observations have shown that the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is directly or indirectly affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection, though there has been no evidence of the virus infecting nerve cells themselves. In this recent study, an artificially grown mass of cells was created, mimicking a brain, and
- [COVID Vaccination in Patients with SLE](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-vaccination-in-patients-with-sle/) - July 22, 2021 Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine trials. To better understand the tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines amongst patients with SLE, the international vaccination against COVID in systemic lupus (VACOLUP) study was initiated via an online survey. Participants included those with a self-reported, medically confirmed diagnosis of SLE. The
- [Breakthrough Cases of COVID in Those Who Are Immunocompromised](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/breakthrough-cases-of-covid-19-in-those-who-are-immunocompromised/) - July 21, 2021 The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases published the results of a retrospective study of 17 hospitals throughout Israel. The study included 152 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 after being fully vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine (breakthrough cases) and required hospitalization. This study aimed to “characterize vaccinated patients with breakthrough
- [Anti-NET Autoantibodies May Be a Factor in Severe COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/anti-net-autoantibodies-may-be-a-factor-in-severe-covid-19/) - July 20, 2021 Recently, a study was published in which samples from 328 COVID-19 patients were measured for an autoantibody presence which protects neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from being destroyed. NETs are extracellular webs of DNA and proteins that protect against infection and have been implicated in the pathology of many immune-mediated diseases, including lupus,
- [J&J Add Autoimmune Adverse Reaction to COVID Vaccine Warning Label](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/johnson-johnson-add-autoimmune-adverse-reaction-to-covid-19-vaccine-warning-label/) - July 13, 2021 Yesterday, Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine supplier Janssen Biotech, Inc. released a statement regarding the potential risks of their adenovirus vaccine. The updated disclaimer states: “The reporting rate of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia following administration of the Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine has been highest in females ages 18 through 49 years; some have been
- [Israel Begins Pfizer Booster Shots for Immunocompromised, Including Those with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/israel-begins-pfizer-booster-shots-for-immunocompromised-including-those-with-autoimmune-disease/) - July 12, 2021 Israel is now the first country whose Ministry of Health is officially recommending the use of booster shots for those with compromised immune systems, who may be unable to develop sufficient antibodies after a full dose of the vaccine. The majority of those currently hospitalized in Israel for COVID-19, who have already been vaccinated,
- [What Makes COVID Affect People Differently?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/what-makes-covid-19-affect-people-differently/) - July 9, 2021 A study published yesterday in Nature, called Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19, suggests that genetics may be the answer. This is the biggest single genetic study in history looking at how the variances in DNA amongst individuals around the world respond differently to a virus. Researchers were able to identify
- [Clinical Trial to Commence Testing COVID Booster Shot in Participants Who Are Immunocompromised and Living with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/clinical-trial-to-commence-testing-covid-19-booster-shot-in-participants-who-are-immunocompromised-and-living-with-autoimmune-disease/) - July 6, 2021 Pfizer is planning a clinical trial on the efficacy of a third vaccine to boost the creation of antibodies in immunocompromised individuals. This trial will include 360 participants who are ages 2+ and immunocompromised (to include those on immunomodulator therapy for autoimmune disease). Those on immunotherapies are particularly vulnerable to complications due
- [FDA Fact Sheets Have Been Updated to Include Risk of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following COVID Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-fact-sheets-have-been-updated-to-include-risk-of-myocarditis-and-pericarditis-following-covid-vaccine/) - June 29, 2021 Last week, the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices convened to discuss the uptake in myocarditis and pericarditis cases in young adults following a COVID-19 vaccination. During the advisory meeting, it was stated that there was a “likely association.” FDA Fact Sheets have since been updated to include the risk of developing
- [mRNa Vaccine May Produce Long-Lasting Immunity to SARS-CoV-2](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/mrna-vaccine-may-produce-long-lasting-immunity-to-sars-cov-2/) - June 28, 2021 New research indicates that mRNA vaccines may produce long-lasting immunity. This morning, the medical school at Washington University of St. Louis released results from a study showing that the immune response to the Pfizer vaccine continued at high levels 15 weeks post-vaccination. Additionally, patients vaccinated with the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines produced
- [Questions Surround Rare Development of GBS After COVID Vaccination](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/questions-surround-rare-development-of-gbs-after-covid-19-vaccination/) - June 25, 2021 Recently, reports have been published associating adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines and the onset of unusual variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Notably, experts highlight that there have been no findings suggesting COVID vaccines cause GBS. However, the timing of the condition’s onset occurring shortly after vaccination has raised questions among researchers. Within the
- [Can a SARS-CoV-2 Infection Trigger Celiac Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-a-sars-cov-2-infection-trigger-celiac-disease/) - June 24, 2021 A study published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice has hypothesized that genetically-predisposed patients could be more likely to develop celiac disease following a SARS-CoV-2 infection. This hypothesis is based on several pathogenic mechanisms observed in patients following a COVID-19 infection, which could promote the onset of celiac disease. More specifically,
- [Analysis of Remaining Long-COVID Symptoms Following Recovery of Initial Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/analysis-of-remaining-long-covid-symptoms-following-recovery-of-initial-infection/) - June 18, 2021 FAIRHealth published its eighth white paper study on COVID-19 this past Tuesday. This iteration of the report detailed findings regarding the experiences of long-haul COVID patients who were 30 days or more removed from their initial COVID-19 diagnosis. One key finding identified that 23.2% of patients who had COVID-19 experienced at least
- [REGEN-COV Phase 3 Trial Improves Survival in Patients Hospitalized with Severe COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/regen-cov-phase-3-trial-improves-survival-in-patients-hospitalized-with-severe-covid-19/) - June 17, 2021 A Phase 3 RECOVERY trial in the UK found that Regeneron’s REGEN-COV antibody treatment reduced the risk of death by 20% in patients who had not mounted their own immune response against COVID-19. In addition, among patients without their own immune response, the median duration of hospital stay was 4 days shorter
- [Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of the Pfizer Vaccine Amongst 686 Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/safety-immunogenicity-and-efficacy-of-the-pfizer-vaccine-amongst-686-patients-with-autoimmune-inflammatory-rheumatic-diseases/) - June 16, 2021 Israel has been a model for vaccination success against COVID-19, with over 56% of the country being fully vaccinated. On Monday, June 13, Israeli researchers published the findings of the largest observational prospective study confirming the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of the Pfizer vaccine amongst 686 patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases
- [Treating MIS-C with Phase 3 Celiac Drug](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/treating-mis-c-with-phase-3-celiac-drug/) - June 15, 2021 Even after a COVID-19 infection has passed, SARS-CoV-2 particles may linger in the gut and make their way into the bloodstream. This often triggers a cytokine storm and hyper-inflammatory response (MIS-C) within multiple areas of the body. These include the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, and GI organs. A new study published in
- [Targeted COVID Therapy: What Can we Learn From Autoimmune Kidney Diseases?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/targeted-covid-19-therapy-what-can-we-learn-from-autoimmune-kidney-diseases/) - June 10, 2021 A study was recently published on the ability of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) to bind to the “EPCR-LBPA” complex. Antiphospholipid antibodies are autoantibodies that target and attack phospholipid-binding proteins. This, researchers, found, initiates a self-amplifying signaling loop related to the innate immune complement and coagulation pathways. The EPCR-LBPA complex contains lipid-proteins that are
- [Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccine Found to be Associated with Small Risk of Developing Rare Autoimmune Blood Disorder](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/oxford-astrazeneca-vaccine-found-to-be-associated-with-small-risk-of-developing-rare-autoimmune-blood-disorder/) - June 9, 2021 A new study, published today in Nature, has reported the observance of a slightly increased risk of developing immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) following inoculation with the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. ITP is a rare autoimmune condition that results in excessive bruising or bleeding due to a decrease in the number of platelets in the
- [Can Vitiligo Protect Against the SARS-CoV-2 Virus?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/can-vitiligo-protect-against-the-sars-cov-2-virus/) - June 8. 2021 The Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity has released a research proposal hypothesizing that non-segmental vitiligo, an autoimmune skin disorder, may protect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus developing into a COVID-19 infection. The researchers hypothesize that vitiligo could lower the risk for COVID-19 development and clear the viral infection more efficiently. “Conversely, in case
- [Data from 1,500 Rheumatic Disease Patients Shows Vaccine is Well Tolerated](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/data-from-1500-rheumatic-disease-patients-shows-vaccine-is-well-tolerated/) - June 7, 2021 Data recently sourced from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) shows that the COVID-19 vaccine is well tolerated amongst patients with rheumatic disease. The registry was launched on February 5, 2021, and includes reports from 28 countries across Europe. 1,519 patients were reported to the registry as of April 27, with close
- [Immunocompromised Patients Exhibit Low Antibody Response Even After 2 Doses of mRNA Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/immunocompromised-patients-exhibit-low-antibody-response-even-after-2-doses-of-mrna-vaccine/) - June 3, 2021 This past March, results of a study monitoring the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in solid organ transplant patients indicated that antibodies were detected in only 17% of patients after the first dose of an mRNA vaccine. Since then, data from the same study has been published on the antibody response
- [The NIH Begins Trial on Mixing COVID Vaccine Boosters](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-nih-begins-trial-on-mixing-covid-19-vaccine-boosters/) - June 2, 2021 A trial funded by the NIH has entered Phase 1/2 testing to study COVID-19 vaccine boosters from different manufacturers on fully vaccinated adults. While it has not been determined whether boosters will be necessary, Dr. Fauci has stated that “we need to prepare for the possibility… to counter waning immunity and to
- [Research on Lasting Immunity to SARS-CoV-2](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/research-on-lasting-immunity-to-sars-cov-2/) - June 1, 2021 New research published in Nature has shown that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 can last from one year to possibly a lifetime, as a “SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune response in humans.” The research, conducted at Washington University in St. Louis, studied participants who had been previously infected with COVID-19.
- [Gastrointestinal Issues Persist in Many, Months After COVID Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/gastrointestinal-issues-persist-in-many-months-after-covid-19-infection/) - May 26, 2021 Diarrhea and other gastrointestinal (GI) issues are known to be non-respiratory COVID-19 symptoms during an active infection. However, a team of researchers in Italy were curious whether their patients were continuing to experience these symptoms after their period of infection ended. Their study utilized a self-report survey, which was emailed to patients
- [Research Developments on the World’s Prominent COVID-19 Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/research-developments-on-the-worlds-prominent-covid-19-vaccines/) - May 19, 2021 Researchers around the world are creating and testing close to 100 vaccines in an effort to combat the novel coronavirus. The following Vaccine Comparison Chart provides a breakdown of leading vaccines that have shown promise through pre-clinical data, completed Phase 1/2/3 clinical trials, and have been authorized for emergency use. Preclinical data
- [FDA Extends Pfizer Vaccine EUA to Children 12-15 Years Old](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-extends-pfizer-vaccine-eua-to-children-12-15-years-old/) - May 11, 2021 On Monday, the FDA granted Pfizer emergency use authorization of their vaccine in children ages 12-15 years old. This is the first vaccine authorized for persons 12+ years old. In a Phase 3 clinical trial, 2,260 participants ages 12-15 were given a placebo or two doses of the vaccine, 21-days apart. Eighteen
- [The CureVac Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-curevac-vaccine/) - May 10, 2021 The German company, CureVac, is in the process of finalizing an RNA vaccine against COVID-19 with the culmination of its Phase 3 trial (1). The trial included 40,000 participants across Latin America and Europe. If the data shows the vaccine to be safe and effective, this may be the third RNA vaccine authorized
- [Pfizer Submits Application for FDA Approval of COVID-19 Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pfizer-submits-application-for-fda-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine/) - May 7, 2021 This morning, Pfizer-BioNTech submitted a Biologics License Application (BLA) to the FDA for approval of their COVID-19 vaccine. Currently, the Pfizer vaccine has been granted an EUA due to the state of the pandemic, which allowed them to provide safety and efficacy data from two months of trials versus the standard six
- [Yale to Begin Study on COVID Long-Haulers](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/yale-to-begin-study-on-covid-long-haulers/) - May 6, 2021 Yale Medicine is launching a collaborative study on Covid long-haulers and the Covid vaccine. Yale will be recruiting participants with long-term symptoms following a COVID-19 infection, who have not been vaccinated yet. Blood and saliva samples will be collected prior to and post-vaccination to compare and correlate immune responses in long-haulers and
- [Rare Skin Reactions Following COVID-19 Vaccines Are Being Studied](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/rare-skin-reactions-following-covid-19-vaccines-are-being-studied/) - May 5, 2021 Recent findings from the COVID-19 Dermatology Registry, run by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) and the International League of Dermatologic Societies, helped shed some light on the skin reactions reported after Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccinations in some individuals. In this study, 414 cutaneous reactions were reviewed, ranging from minor injection-site
- [FDA May Expand EUA of Pfizer Vaccine to Include 12-15 Year Olds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/fda-may-expand-eua-of-pfizer-vaccine-to-include-12-15-year-olds/) - May 4, 2021 In March, Pfizer released the results of a clinical trial announcing that their COVID-19 vaccine displayed 100% efficacy in adolescents ages 12-15 years of age. The FDA has been reviewing the results of this Phase 3 trial, and an amendment to the current Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Pfizer’s vaccine is said
- [The COVID-19 Vaccine and Immune Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-covid-19-vaccine-and-immune-disorders/) - April 27, 2021 The NIH will be conducting a clinical trial testing COVID-19 vaccine responses in people with immune deficiencies. These will include primary and secondary immune system disorders. In addition to learning how this population responds to the COVID-19 vaccine, this study aims to fill the gap regarding the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in
- [Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 Vaccine Has Been Resumed](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/johnson-johnsons-covid-19-vaccine-has-been-resumed/) - April 26, 2021 This past Friday, the CDC lifted the pause on Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine usage. During this pause, which was announced April 13, the CDC confirmed an additional 9 cases of women developing thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) – blood clots with low platelet count – after receiving the J&J vaccine. The
- [Americans 16+ Are Eligible for COVID-19 Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/americans-16-are-eligible-for-covid-19-vaccine/) - April 20, 2021 As of yesterday, Monday, April 19, all Americans ages 16+ are eligible to get the COVID-19 vaccine. According to the CDC’s COVID Data Tracker, over 132 million Americans have received one dose of the vaccine, and over 85 million have been fully vaccinated against the novel coronavirus. This 85 million figure represents
- [NIH Funds Clinical Trial For New COVID-19 Antibody Therapy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-funds-clinical-trial-for-new-covid-19-antibody-therapy/) - April 19, 2021 The NIH is funding a Phase 2 clinical trial testing a monoclonal antibody for COVID-19 patients hospitalized with respiratory disease and low blood oxygen count. The FDA has previously issued emergency use authorization for COVID-19 antibody therapies by Eli Lilly and Regeneron. This new IC14 monoclonal antibody “binds to a human protein,
- [U.K. Expands Clinical Trial for Mixing COVID-19 Vaccines Between Four Manufacturers](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/u-k-expands-clinical-trial-for-mixing-covid-19-vaccines-between-four-manufacturers/) - April 16, 2021 The University of Oxford has expanded its clinical trial investigating the safety and efficacy of interchanging COVID-19 vaccines (1). While interchanging doses will primarily reduce vaccine shortages and allow for more rapid vaccinations, countries such as Germany have already updated vaccine recommendations for mixing vaccines. Those under 60 years of age who
- [NIH to Study Allergic Reactions to mRNA Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-to-study-allergic-reactions-to-mrna-vaccines/) - April 14, 2021 The NIH is sponsoring a clinical trial focusing on the risk of allergic reactions to Moderna and Pfizer’s mRNA vaccines. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are the first mRNA vaccines to be authorized by the FDA. This clinical trial will “determine whether people who are highly allergic or have a mast cell disorder
- [Adenovirus Vaccines Shown to Have Hematological Side Effect Concerns](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/adenovirus-vaccines-shown-to-have-hematological-side-effect-concerns/) - April 13, 2021 As of yesterday, 6.8 million doses of the Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) vaccine have been administered throughout the United States. As of today, the CDC and FDA announced that they are reviewing six reported cases of a “rare & severe type of blood clot in individuals after receiving the vaccine” and are
- [Regeneron Antibody Cocktail Protects Against COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/regeneron-antibody-cocktail-protects-against-covid-19/) - April 12, 2021 Regeneron published a news release this morning stating their REGEN-COV antibody-drug demonstrated high levels of protection against COVID-19 in a Phase 3 clinical trial. Those eligible to enroll in the study were not infected with COVID-19, did not show symptoms, did not have SARS-Cov-2 antibodies, and were living with someone who tested
- [Risk of Contracting SARS-CoV-2 from Surfaces is Less Than 1 in 10,000](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/risk-of-contracting-sars-cov-2-from-surfaces-is-less-than-1-in-10000/) - April 9, 2021 The CDC has updated their SARS-CoV-2 and Surface Transmission guidelines, stating that the chance of contracting the coronavirus from surfaces is less than 1 in 10,000. This comes after mounting evidence that the virus primarily spreads through airborne droplets, which can remain in the air for minutes to hours. “The length of
- [Vaccine Eligibility by State ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/vaccine-eligibility-by-state/) - April 5, 2021 As eligibility requirements expand to include more occupations and health statuses, those living with autoimmune disease will have access to the COVID-19 vaccine. Many states have already instituted universal eligibility, with others set to expand eligibility requirements in April. Check out this vaccine eligibility tracker updated regularly by the New York Times
- [Changing Vaccine Manufacturers Between Doses](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/changing-vaccine-manufacturers-between-doses/) - April 2, 2021 The UK has established a vaccine protocol allowing patients to receive their first and second vaccine doses from different manufacturers. This is permissible if a second dose of the vaccine is unavailable or the manufacturer of the first dose is unknown. Currently, the only vaccines authorized for emergency use in the UK
- [Pfizer Confirms High Efficacy and Safety 6 Months Following Second Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pfizer-confirms-high-efficacy-and-safety-6-months-following-second-vaccine/) - April 1, 2021 Today, Pfizer released a statement confirming their vaccine has exhibited “high efficacy and no serious safety concerns through up to six months following [the] second dose.” The Pfizer vaccine has demonstrated a 91.3% efficacy rate against COVID-19 from seven days through up to six months after delivery of the second dose. The
- [Pfizer Vaccine Demonstrates 100% Efficacy in 12-15 Year Olds](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/pfizer-vaccine-demonstrates-100-efficacy-in-12-15-year-olds/) - March 31, 2021 Today, Pfizer-BioNTech published a press release announcing the results of their Phase 3 clinical trial in adolescents. The trial enrolled 2,260 participants in the United States, aged 12 to 15, with 1,129 participants in the placebo group and 1,131 participants in the vaccinated group. In the trial, 18 cases of COVID-19 infections were observed
- [UK Begins First COVID-19 Human Challenge Trial](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/uk-begins-first-covid-19-human-challenge-trial/) - March 30, 2021 On February 17, 2021, the UK approved the world’s first COVID-19 human challenge trial. The trial includes infecting up to 90 healthy participants with the virus and tracking just how it affects the human body, in an effort to aid the development of new vaccines and treatments for the novel coronavirus. This
- [COVID-19 Versus Seasonal Influenza Outcomes in Autoimmune Disease Patients ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-versus-seasonal-influenza-outcomes-in-autoimmune-disease-patients/) - March 29, 2021 A recent multi-national study evaluated 30-day outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients living with autoimmune disease (AD). Data was aggregated from centers including Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Information System for Research in Primary Care-Hospitalisation Linked Data in Spain. 133,589 patients diagnosed and 48,428 hospitalized with COVID-19 and living with autoimmune disease
- [Astrazeneca's COVID-19 Vaccine Demonstrates 76% Efficacy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-demonstrates-76-efficacy/) - March 26, 2021 AstraZeneca has released an updated statement revealing their vaccine demonstrates 76% efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% efficacy against severe COVID-19 and hospitalization. They previously stated a 79% efficacy based on data through February 17, 2021. Experts credit this discrepancy to a rounding error (1). These results have been submitted for review
- [NIH Releases Statement Regarding AstraZeneca Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/nih-releases-statement-regarding-astrazeneca-vaccine/) - March 23, 2021 The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) published a news release today regarding AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial, after being notified by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board that outdated information “may have provided an incomplete view of the efficacy data” (1). Which information is outdated has not been specifically
- [Some States are Lifting Vaccine Eligibility Requirements](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/some-states-are-lifting-vaccine-eligibility-requirements/) - March 19, 2021 The following states will be lifting eligibility requirements for residents to be vaccinated: March 2021: Utah (week of March 21, 2021) Ohio (starting March 29, 2021) April 2021: Connecticut Illinois Kentucky Maryland Missouri Rhode Island Alaska and Mississippi have already instituted universal eligibility. As of today, March 19, 39.6% of
- [Some Long-Haulers Find Relief After Getting the COVID-19 Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/some-long-haulers-find-relief-after-getting-the-covid-19-vaccine/) - March 18, 2021 Long-haulers are sharing stories of symptom relief after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. While anecdotal as of now, patients from across the country are reporting that their symptoms have improved or even resolved after getting their first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Survivor Corps, one of the largest patient communities advocating for COVID-19
- [Updated CDC Guidelines on Vaccinations](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/updated-cdc-guidelines-on-vaccinations/) - March 10, 2021 The CDC updated their COVID-19 guidelines on March 8, 2021 for people who are vaccinated. Those who have been fully vaccinated are safe to: Gather indoors with other fully vaccinated people without masks Gather indoors with unvaccinated people from one other household without masks Do not need to quarantine after exposure to
- [Type 1 Diabetes Patients Become Eligible for COVID-19 Vaccine in 12+ States](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/type-1-diabetes-patients-become-eligible-for-covid-19-vaccine-in-12-states/) - March 5, 2021 The Colorado Department of Health along with 11 other states just raised vaccination eligibility requirements for type 1 diabetes patients as a “high risk” group (2, 3). In Colorado, anyone between the ages of 16-64 who have T1 diabetes and one other high-risk condition will be eligible to get the coronavirus vaccine
- [The Johnson & Johnson COVID Vaccine Receives Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-johnson-johnson-covid-vaccine-receives-emergency-use-authorization-by-the-fda/) - March 2, 2021 The Johnson & Johnson COVID vaccine received emergency use authorization (EUA) by the FDA this past weekend. This single-shot vaccine is the third COVID vaccine to be released in the United States, with plans to deliver 16 million doses to the federal government by the end of March. Due to production issues,
- [The VAXICOV Study, Autoimmune Disease and Vaccination Concerns](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-vaxicov-study-autoimmune-disease-and-vaccination-concerns/) - February 25, 2021 The results of the international VAccinations against COVid-19 (VAXICOV) study was published this week, revealing patient concerns and expectations around receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Patients with systemic autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic diseases were asked to participate in the online survey across 56 countries. Health care workers were also included as a control
- [COVID-19, Autoantibodies, and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/covid-19-autoantibodies-and-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children/) - February 23, 2021 Throughout the pandemic, cases have been reported of children experiencing a hyper-inflammatory response after a COVID-19 infection (1, 2). What was first described as a cluster of intense symptoms, has since come to be known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The pool of data around SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C is
- [The Johnson & Johnson COVID Vaccine + Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-johnson-johnson-covid-vaccine-autoimmune-disease/) - February 16, 2021 In early February 2021, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson requested emergency authorization from the FDA to distribute their COVID-19 vaccine. Come the end of the month, the FDA will be reviewing their request; if approved, the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine could be rolled out across the U.S. as early as the
- [Clinical Trial Tests New Antibody Cocktail in Patients with COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/clinical-trial-tests-new-antibody-cocktail-in-patients-with-covid-19/) - February 10, 2021 On February 8, the NIH released a news statement announcing the implementation of a Phase 3 clinical trial for a new combination of antibodies as a therapy treatment for COVID-19. “Antibodies are infection-fighting proteins naturally made by the immune system… [they] prevent viruses from infecting cells, usually by binding to the surface
- [Similarities Between COVID-19 and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/similarities-between-covid-19-and-autoimmune-disease/) - February 6, 2021 Recent studies have demonstrated the distinct relationship between the infectious disease COVID-19 and autoimmune disease. The review titled “COVID-19 and Autoimmune Diseases” by Yu Liu, Amr Sawalha, and Qianjin Lu delves into the most recent research on the similarities, which include: dysregulated immune responses, the promise of immunomodulatory drugs to treat both
- [Key Points From Dr. Fauci's Coronavirus Update](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/key-points-from-dr-faucis-coronavirus-update/) - February 4, 2021 In a live video update on February 3, 2021, Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of NIAID, spoke with Dr. Howard Bauchner, editor and chief from the JAMA Network, about the status of the coronavirus pandemic in the U.S. Dr. Fauci started off by explaining that our current challenge with regard to vaccines is the issue
- [The Development of Autoantibodies after Contracting COVID-19](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-development-of-autoantibodies-after-contracting-covid-19/) - February 3, 2021 While COVID-19 short-term impacts have been identified, the long-term effects of the disease are still widely unknown. Many new studies have shed some light on the potential long-term consequences of COVID-19, focusing on autoimmunity. A recent study from The University of Stanford School of Medicine directly links COVID-19 to autoimmunity and autoantibody
- [The mRNA Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/the-mrna-vaccine/) - January 19, 2021 These are truly novel times that we are experiencing, and the scientific community is no different. Interest in messenger RNA (mRNA) continues to grow within the medical community, especially since the developments of breakthrough COVID-19 vaccines. It is important to note that even after 30 years of research, mRNA vaccines have never
- [Increase in Coronavirus Variants and Their Effects on the Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/increase-in-coronavirus-variants-and-their-effects-on-the-vaccine/) - January 7, 2021 Recent developments concerning the COVID-19 virus are leading to an increase in questions and unknowns about it. While various vaccines are being distributed across the globe, recent findings on SARS-CoV-2 variants are worrying many. Some of these variants are known to spread faster and transmit more efficiently than other variants of the
- [Uncovering Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/covid_timeline/uncovering-long-covid/) - December 22, 2020 Signs or symptoms that continue or develop after a COVID-19 infection is known as long COVID. A recent study indicated that as many as 1 in 20 people will develop an illness that persists for weeks or months after they’ve had COVID-19. Long COVID symptoms vary greatly from person to person, and

## AD News & Research Updates

- [How Scientists Can Build and Maintain Public Trust](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-scientists-can-build-and-maintain-public-trust/) - How can scientists build public trust? A new Nature special edition explores transparency, public engagement, misinformation, scientific integrity, and why trust in science matters.
- [Bryan Johnson Diagnosed with Autoimmune Gastritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/bryan-johnson-autoimmune-gastritis/) - Bryan Johnson's autoimmune gastritis diagnosis has raised questions about this often-overlooked autoimmune disease. Learn about autoimmune gastritis, common misconceptions, symptoms, diagnosis, and current research.
- [Polyautoimmunity Highlights the Challenges of Autoimmune Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-kaleidoscope-of-polyautoimmunity-an-odyssey-of-diagnostic-dilemmas/) - A new case report explores polyautoimmunity, highlighting the diagnostic challenges of overlapping autoimmune diseases and the need for long-term follow-up.
- [Key Takeaways from the Autoimmune Disease and Women's Health Symposium](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/unlocking-advances-in-womens-health-key-insights-from-the-autoimmune-disease-symposium/) - Explore key insights from the Autoimmune Disease and Women's Health Symposium on pregnancy, menopause, caregiving, research, and policy.
- [NIH Releases Autoimmune Disease and Women's Health Fact Sheet](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/fact-sheet-on-autoimmune-disease-and-womens-health/) - The NIH highlights why autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women and outlines research priorities to improve diagnosis and treatment.
- [Lolamicin May Protect the Gut Microbiome While Fighting Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/revolutionary-antibiotic-lolamicin-spares-gut-microbiome/) - A new study found that lolamicin fights Gram-negative bacteria while sparing the gut microbiome, potentially reducing antibiotic-related dysbiosis.
- [Global Autoimmune Institute Supports Future Physicians at AMSA 2024](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/global-autoimmune-institute-sponsors-amsa-annual-conference/) - The Global Autoimmune Institute sponsored the 2024 AMSA Conference, supporting autoimmune disease education, research, and future physicians.
- [Study Examines the Link Between Endometriosis and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-there-a-connection-between-endometriosis-and-autoimmune-diseases/) - Is endometriosis linked to autoimmune disease? A systematic review found evidence of associations with lupus, celiac disease, MS, Sjögren's, and more.
- [Controversies in Rheumatology and Autoimmunity Conference](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/controversies-in-rheumatology-autoimmunity-conference/) - Explore key takeaways from the Controversies in Rheumatology & Autoimmunity Conference, including celiac disease, lupus, inflammation, cancer, and sex differences.
- [Clarity in Sight: AI Innovates Uveitis Diagnosis Criteria](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/clarity-in-sight-ai-innovates-uveitis-diagnosis-criteria/) - How is AI improving uveitis diagnosis? Researchers used artificial intelligence to develop standardized classification criteria for 25 common types of uveitis.
- [Colistin Resistance May Strengthen Bacteria Against the Immune System](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/colistin-resistance-evolution-boosts-bacterial-virulence-and-amp-resistance/) - How does colistin resistance affect the immune system? Learn how antibiotic-resistant bacteria become more virulent and resist the body's antimicrobial peptides.
- [Childhood Mono Linked to Higher Risk of Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/childhood-mono-linked-to-higher-risk-of-multiple-sclerosis/) - Can childhood mono increase the risk of multiple sclerosis? A large sibling study links Epstein-Barr virus infection during childhood and adolescence to a higher risk of developing MS later in life.
- [Support the Celiac Safety Act of 2026 to Improve Gluten Labeling](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/celiac-safety-act-of-2026-cta/) - The Celiac Safety Act of 2026 (H.R. 9048) would improve gluten labeling requirements. Learn why the legislation matters and how you can help support it.
- [Targeting Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes with Teplizumab](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/targeting-autoimmunity-in-type-1-diabetes-with-teplizumab/) - Learn how teplizumab became the first disease-modifying therapy approved for newly diagnosed Stage 3 Type 1 diabetes by targeting the autoimmune process.
- [Why Are Females More Likely to Develop Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/why-are-females-more-likely-to-develop-autoimmune-disease-than-males/) - Scientists are exploring how sex differences in immune function, hormones, and genetics may contribute to autoimmune disease risk.
- [ScienceTALKS Recap: Viral Triggers of Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sciencetalks-recap-viral-triggers-of-autoimmune-disease/) - Experts discussed how viral infections may contribute to autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease.
- [Does Sjögren’s Syndrome Increase Cardiovascular Disease Risk?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sjogrens-syndrome-and-cardiovascular-disease-risk/) - Could Sjögren’s syndrome affect heart health? A study suggests patients with higher disease activity may face greater cardiovascular risk.
- [Reproductive Factors Linked to Increased SLE Risk in Black Women](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/reproductive-factors-linked-to-increased-sle-risk-in-black-women-2/) - Conducted by a multi-site research group, this study identifies key reproductive factors that may influence the higher prevalence and severity of SLE in Black women, who are more affected by SLE than any other racial or ethnic group.
- [Partnership to Develop mRNA Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/partnership-to-develop-mrna-therapies-for-autoimmune-diseases/) - Researchers are exploring how mRNA technology could lead to more precise treatments for autoimmune diseases while preserving healthy immune function.
- [Vaccine-Preventable Infections Can Have Lifelong Consequences](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vaccine-preventable-infections-can-have-lifelong-consequences/) - Some infections like measles can cause deadly long-term complications. SSPE is one example of how vaccine-preventable diseases disrupt the immune system.
- [Rising Investment in Autoimmune Disease Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/rising-investment-in-autoimmune-disease-diagnosis/) - Growing investment in autoimmune disease diagnostics reflects increased focus on earlier detection, advanced testing, and the challenges of diagnosing complex autoimmune conditions.
- [Krista Halvorson & the Reality of Sudden Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/krista-halvorson-the-reality-of-sudden-autoimmune-disease/) - Krista Halvorson's journey with rare autoimmune diseases is a powerful reminder that autoimmune disease can affect anyone, at any time.
- [How Should Physicians Respond to Medical Misinformation?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-should-physicians-respond-to-medical-misinformation/) - Dr. Paul Offit and Dr. Mike Varshavski discuss how physicians can address medical misinformation through evidence, trust, and effective communication.
- [Real-World Data in Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/real-world-data-in-autoimmune-disease-research/) - Researchers are using real-world data and AI to study autoimmune diseases, identify patient subgroups, and explore more personalized treatments.
- [What to Expect After a Celiac Disease Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/what-to-expect-after-a-celiac-disease-diagnosis/) - Newly diagnosed with celiac disease? Learn how long healing may take, why symptoms can persist, and what follow-up care experts recommend.
- [Vivian Pinn Symposium Panel 2: Clinical Research in Women’s Chronic Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vivian-pinn-symposium-panel-2-clinical-research-in-womens-chronic-disease/) - Experts at the Vivian Pinn Symposium explored why chronic diseases in women are often missed or delayed, highlighting endometriosis, sleep apnea, and endometrial cancer.
- [Why Europe & North America Still Disagree on Diagnosing Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/why-europe-north-america-still-disagree-on-diagnosing-celiac-disease/) - Can celiac disease be diagnosed without a biopsy? Europe and North America continue to take different approaches as new diagnostic tests emerge.
- [What Senescent Cells Could Teach Us About Autoimmune Disease and Aging](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/what-senescent-cells-could-teach-us-about-autoimmune-disease-and-aging/) - A new NIH-funded atlas of senescent cells may help scientists better understand aging, immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and disease.
- [Is Ehlers-Danlos an Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-ehlers-danlos-an-autoimmune-disease/) - Is Ehlers-Danlos an autoimmune disease? Learn about EDS, a genetic disorder affecting collagen production, its 14 subtypes, and potential autoimmune links.
- [Understanding HLA Genetic Testing in Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/understanding-hla-genetic-testing-in-celiac-disease/) - Experts explain HLA genetic testing in celiac disease, including diagnosis, risk, clinical trials, future treatments, and patient education.
- [Advancing Towards an Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/advancing-towards-an-epstein-barr-virus-vaccine/) - May 9, 2022 The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) causes the infectious disease mononucleosis and has been linked to the onset of cancer and autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis. Despite its significance, no vaccine against it currently exists. However, in 2022, the National Institute of Health (NIH) initiated a phase 1 vaccine trial, announced in a press
- [Rethinking Obesity, Inflammation, and Disease Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/rethinking-obesity-inflammation-and-disease-risk/) - Researchers developed a new obesity risk model that may predict obesity-related disease risk and inflammatory health outcomes more accurately than BMI alone.
- [A New Clue to Why Celiac Disease Develops: lnc13](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/a-new-clue-to-why-celiac-disease-develops-inc13/) - Why do most people tolerate gluten while others develop celiac disease? A new study published in Nature Immunology points to a possible answer. Researchers found that a long noncoding RNA called lnc13 helps keep inflammatory immune responses to gluten in check, and that loss of this protective mechanism can trigger celiac disease-like changes in genetically susceptible mice.
- [Blood Test Shows Promise for Diagnosing Celiac Disease on a GF Diet](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/blood-test-shows-promise-for-diagnosing-celiac-disease-on-a-gf-diet/) - Researchers evaluated a blood test that measures gluten-reactive immune cells and may help diagnose celiac disease on a gluten-free diet.
- [Texas Court Ruling and Autoimmune Disease Accommodations](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/texas-court-ruling-and-autoimmune-disease/) - A judge's rare autoimmune disease sparked a courtroom masking dispute, raising broader questions about accommodations and accessibility for chronically ill individuals.
- [Could Somatic Mutations Help Drive Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/could-somatic-mutations-help-drive-autoimmune-disease/) - Researchers discovered hidden mutations in immune cells that may help explain how autoimmune diseases develop.
- [A Fresh Look at Viruses: What Survivors Can Teach Us About Immunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/a-fresh-look-at-viruses-what-survivors-can-teach-us-about-immunity/) - Researchers at LJI studied Ebola and Lassa survivors to identify rare antibodies that could guide future vaccines, therapies, and outbreak preparedness.
- [Scientists Receive Funding to Watch Inflammation in Real Time](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/scientists-receive-funding-to-watch-inflammation-in-real-time/) - Fifteen research teams have received funding to study inflammation in real time using spatiotemporal omics, offering new insights into immune regulation and autoimmune disease.
- [Vivian Pinn Symposium Highlights Data and Women’s Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vivian-pinn-symposium-highlights-data-and-womens-health/) - NIH experts discussed AI, health equity, microbiome research, and data innovation relevant to women’s health and autoimmune disease research.
- [Vivian W. Pinn Symposium: Innovations in Autoimmune Disease Research and Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vivian-w-pinn-symposium-innovations-in-autoimmune-disease-research-and-care/) - Held on May 15, 2024, the event focused on autoimmune diseases, which disproportionately affect women, and explored how new discoveries are improving understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions.
- [Vivian Pinn Symposium Panel 1: Translational Autoimmune Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vivian-pinn-symposium-panel-1-translational-autoimmune-research/) - In the first panel of the 10th Anniversary Vivian Pinn Symposium, researchers explored why women face higher autoimmune disease risk, including new research on lupus, cardiovascular disease, and lymphatic disorders.
- [Vivian Pinn Symposium Panel 3: Social and Behavioral Sciences Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vivian-pinn-symposium-panel-3-social-and-behavioral-sciences-research/) - "We as rheumatologists have to start screening routinely for reproductive goals at the time of diagnosis, annually, and always when we prescribe a teratogen as the minimum standard of care" - Mehret Birru Talabi, MD, PhD
- [LJI Webinar to Highlight Global Virus Research Efforts](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/lji-webinar-to-highlight-global-virus-research-efforts/) - May 20, 2026: LJI’s upcoming Live from the Lab webinar will examine Ebola and Lassa virus research and how immunology is shaping infectious disease discovery.
- [NIH ADCC Merges into New Office of Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-adcc-merges-into-new-office-of-autoimmune-disease-research/) - The new Office of Autoimmune Disease Research seeks to enhance research coordination to improve innovation and collaboration in autoimmune disease studies.
- [Key Goals of NIH’s Office of Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/key-goals-of-nihs-office-of-autoimmune-disease-research/) - The new Office of Autoimmune Disease Research aims to advance autoimmune disease research through strategic planning, collaboration, and portfolio evaluation.
- [February 2024 OADR Meeting: Key Updates on Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/february-2024-oadr-meeting-key-updates-on-autoimmune-disease-research/) - The meeting opened with an overview of OADR's establishment, which was mandated by Public Law 117-328 and the 2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act.
- [ScienceTALKS Recap: Why Autoimmune Diseases Are More Common in Women](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sciencetalks-recap-why-autoimmune-diseases-are-more-common-in-women/) - The April 23, 2024, OADR-ORWH ScienceTALKS webinar explored why autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women, with insights into the role of X-chromosome inactivation.
- [July 2024 OADR Meeting: Key Updates on Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/july-2024-oadr-meeting-key-updates-on-autoimmune-disease-research/) - The meeting held on July 25, 2024, by the Office of Autoimmune Disease Research (OADR) under the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) highlighted significant updates in autoimmune disease research.
- [Autoimmune Disease Research at Risk Amid Federal Cuts](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-disease-research-federal-cuts/) - Federal workforce cuts raise concerns about the future of autoimmune disease research, transparency, coordination, and chronic illness advocacy.
- [January 2026 OADR Meeting: Key Updates on Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/january-2026-oadr-meeting-key-updates-on-autoimmune-disease-research/) - Summary of the January 2026 NIH OADR–ORWH meeting covering autoimmune disease research priorities, strategic planning, data infrastructure, and ongoing initiatives.
- [OADR Report FY 2023–2024](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/oadr-report-fy23-24/) - Why autoimmune disease research is changing: NIH launches a coordinated strategy to drive faster discoveries and collaboration.
- [Establishing Autoimmune Disease Categories in NIH Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/establishing-autoimmune-disease-categories-in-nih-research/) - The Autoimmune Disease Research Portfolio, compiled by the Office of Autoimmune Disease Research (OADR) within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women’s Health, provides a comprehensive overview of the numerous autoimmune diseases under investigation. While widely recognized conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, and
- [The Disappearance of the OADR-ORWH Report](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-disappearance-of-the-oadr-orwh-report/) - Update: Report has been restored. Why did the OADR-ORWH report go missing? Published in Jan 2025, all links now lead to "Page Not Found" with no clear explanation.
- [Office of Autoimmune Disease Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/office-of-autoimmune-disease-research/) - The mission of OADR-ORWH is to support high priority autoimmune disease research, identify emerging areas of innovation, and foster collaboration across NIH ICOs.
- [NIH Strategic Plan for Autoimmune Disease Research 2026-2030](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-wide-strategic-plan-for-autoimmune-disease-research/) - The mission is to coordinate and advance efforts to support rigorous, high-priority, innovative, and collaborative autoimmune disease research.
- [NIH Highlights Autoimmune Research Priority](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-highlights-autoimmune-research-priority/) - NIH identifies autoimmune disease as a highlighted research priority, encouraging studies on genetics, environment, biomarkers, and early detection.
- [NIH Clinical Trial Cuts Widen Gaps in Autoimmune Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-clinical-trial-cuts-widen-gaps-in-autoimmune-research/) - The NIH ended funding for 383 clinical trials involving more than 74,000 participants. Here’s what that means for autoimmune research and patient trust.
- [Another Canceled OADR Event—and Still No Clear Answers](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/another-canceled-oadr-event-and-still-no-clear-answers/) - Ongoing cancellations of Office of Autoimmune Disease Research events raise concerns about the future of autoimmune disease research and public engagement.
- [Targeting a Bacterial Toxin To Help Treat Lupus Nephritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/targeting-a-bacterial-toxin-to-help-treat-lupus-nephritis/) - New research links a gut bacterial toxin to lupus nephritis, suggesting targeted therapies may reduce inflammation and kidney damage.
- [Autoimmune Disease May Involve Hidden Mutations](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-disease-may-involve-hidden-mutations/) - New research suggests mutations in immune cells may play a role in autoimmune disease, offering insight into how these conditions develop over time.
- [You’re Not Imagining It: When Symptoms Are Dismissed](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/youre-not-imagining-it-when-symptoms-are-dismissed/) - Endometriosis reveals the cost of dismissed symptoms and the impact of a doctor who listens, investigates, and uses advanced care to find real answers.
- [Celiac Disease: Can You Kiss Someone After They've Eaten Gluten?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/celiac-disease-can-you-kiss-someone-after-theyve-eaten-gluten/) - A new study explores whether gluten can transfer through kissing, offering reassurance while highlighting the everyday challenges of living with celiac disease.
- [New Lyme Disease Vaccine: What We Know](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-lyme-disease-vaccine-what-we-know/) - A new Lyme disease vaccine shows over 70% protection in Phase 3 trials. Here’s what we know and why it may matter for immune health.
- [Why MS Progression Differs Between Men and Women](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/why-ms-progression-differs-between-men-and-women/) - New research explains why MS affects men and women differently, with females showing more inflammation and males experiencing faster neurodegeneration.
- [ACIP Meeting Status Unclear Following Federal Court Decision](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/acip-meeting-raises-questions-on-public-access-and-clarity/) - The March 18, 2026 ACIP meeting was expected to be publicly accessible via livestream, but as of midday the stream does not appear to be available. Here’s what can be confirmed so far and what remains unclear.
- [Human-Based Models May Transform Autoimmune Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/human-based-models-may-transform-autoimmune-research/) - NIH invests $150M in human-based models that may improve autoimmune disease research, drug development, and understanding of immune dysfunction.
- [Hormones and MS: Pregnancy, Periods, Menopause](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/hormones-and-ms-pregnancy-periods-menopause/) - Experts share how hormones influence multiple sclerosis (MS) across pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause, with insights on relapse risk and evolving treatment strategies.
- [How Food Proteins Help Train Immune Tolerance](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-food-proteins-help-train-immune-tolerance/) - New research explores how common food proteins interact with regulatory T cells in the gut, offering new clues about immune tolerance and immune balance.
- [NIAID Workshop: Infections and Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/niaid-workshop-infections-and-autoimmune-diseases/) - There is mounting evidence of the connections between autoimmunity and infectious disease. Geographic differences in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases that can’t be explained by genetics Seasonality that affects the onset and severity of autoimmune diseases Associations between neonatal and postnatal infections and autoimmune diseases To explore the connections between autoimmune diseases and infections, scientists
- [Tracking T Cells Could Help Decode Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/tracking-t-cells-could-help-decode-autoimmune-disease/) - A new method allows scientists to track activated T cells across organs, offering insights into immune responses and how autoimmune diseases may develop.
- [NIH Grant Funds Study of Protein That May Drive Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-grant-funds-study-of-protein-that-may-drive-lupus/) - What if a single protein helps trigger lupus? An NIH-funded study is investigating how changes in B cells may drive the disease.
- [Rare Disease Day 2026 at NIH](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/rare-disease-day-2026-at-nih/) - Rare Disease Day 2026 highlighted CAR T therapy, innovative trial design, and gene editing advances with implications for autoimmune disease.
- [Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes Can Be Found at Birth](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/risk-factors-for-type-1-diabetes-can-be-found-at-birth/) - A new study from the University of Florida and Linköping University identified early-life risk factors of type 1 diabetes in umbilical cord blood. This study looked at 16,683 babies in Sweden born between 1997 and 1999 as part of the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study and included those that went on to develop type
- [Brain Fog and Memory Problems in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/brain-fog-and-memory-problems-in-autoimmune-disease/) - Review finds high rates of brain fog and memory loss in systemic autoimmune diseases, often linked to inflammation, microvascular injury, and poor screening.
- [Clinical Trial Finds Intermittent Fasting Benefits for Crohn’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/clinical-trial-finds-intermittent-fasting-benefits-for-crohns-disease/) - A randomized trial finds intermittent fasting reduced Crohn’s disease activity, inflammation, and visceral fat in adults with IBD.
- [Honoring Research That Shapes Autoimmune Insight](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/honoring-research-that-shapes-autoimmune-insight/) - Dr. Mitchell Kronenberg, President and Chief Scientific Officer at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. While this honor recognizes excellence in microbiology, his work has direct implications for autoimmune disease. Kronenberg is best known for advancing our understanding of natural killer T (NKT) cells and other innate-like
- [ECCO 2026: New Insights Into IBD Risk & Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ecco-2026-new-insights-into-ibd-risk-care/) - ECCO 2026 studies explore occupational and infection-related IBD risk and show early treatment may improve long-term Crohn’s outcomes.
- [Blood Viral Patterns May Signal Crohn’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/blood-viral-patterns-may-signal-crohns-disease/) - A new study finds that the blood virome differs in patients with Crohn’s disease, suggesting that circulating viruses may help identify disease signatures.
- [The New Flu Shot Isn’t Dead After All](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-new-flu-shot-isnt-dead-after-all/) - The FDA reopens review of a new flu vaccine, important news for those whose medical safety depends on infection control.
- [Infections May Influence Where Autoimmune Disease Develops](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/infections-may-influence-where-autoimmune-disease-develops/) - Study finds prior low-risk HPV infection was more common in thyroid eye disease, suggesting a possible association, not proof of causation.
- [Autoimmune Disease and Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-disease-and-vaccine-preventable-disease-outbreaks/) - Outbreaks do more than cause illness. They can alter treatment decisions, trigger autoimmune activity, and change how protection works for immunocompromised patients.
- [Microbiome: Therapeutic Implications, Killarney Conference](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/microbiome-therapeutic-implications-conference/) - An interdisciplinary group of scientists and physicians presented largely unpublished microbiome research at the 2019 Keystone Symposium in an effort to share, inspire, and provoke new ways of thinking. Certain autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and type 1 diabetes, exhibit microbiomes that differ from those of healthy individuals.
- [Could Autoimmune Disease Be Reset Instead of Managed?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/could-autoimmune-disease-be-reset-instead-of-managed/) - Research from Georg Schett and analysis by Eric Topol highlight a shift toward resetting immune responses to achieve long-lasting remission in autoimmune disease.
- [Nasal Swabs May Transform Lupus Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nasal-swabs-may-transform-lupus-research/) - LJI researcher Carolyn Moderbacher studies lupus using nasal swabs to track immune cells and monitor disease progression.
- [Targeting TRM Cells for Cancer and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/targeting-trm-cells-for-cancer-and-autoimmunity/) - New research from LJI identifies GPR25 as a key driver of tissue-resident memory T cells, opening potential paths for infection and autoimmune therapies.
- [Immune Cleanup Failure May Worsen Lupus Gut Inflammation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/immune-cleanup-failure-may-worsen-lupus-gut-inflammation/) - When immune cells fail to clear dying cells, gut bacteria shift and inflammation worsens in lupus-prone mice.
- [Vagus Nerve Research: Implications for Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vagus-nerve-research-implications-for-autoimmune-disease/) - On January 28, 2026 neurosurgeon and bioelectronic medicine pioneer Kevin J. Tracey joined cardiologist and science communicator Eric Topol for a live Substack conversation centered on Tracey’s book The Great Nerve: The New Science of the Vagus Nerve and How to Harness Its Healing Reflexes. Tracey’s work has been instrumental in defining how the vagus nerve regulates immune responses via the
- [Addressing Economic Stress Improves Lupus Health Outcomes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/addressing-economic-stress-improves-lupus-health-outcomes/) - A new lupus study shows that addressing food, housing, and transportation barriers can improve patient-reported physical and social health.
- [Congressional Briefing on Women’s Inclusion in Clinical Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/congressional-briefing-on-womens-inclusion-in-clinical-research/) - Why are women still excluded from clinical research? This congressional briefing examined barriers to inclusion and actionable solutions to improve it.
- [USPSTF Delays Raise Concerns for Autoimmune Diagnosis & Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/uspstf-delays-raise-concerns-for-autoimmune-diagnosis-care/) - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force slowdowns could delay preventive care tied to insurance coverage, affecting people with autoimmune disease and those still seeking answers.
- [Whole-Heart 3D Analysis Redefines Myocarditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/whole-heart-3d-analysis-redefines-myocarditis/) - A new 3D heart study funded by GAI reveals hidden immune patterns in myocarditis, helping explain why the disease is often missed and how diagnosis may improve.
- [Study Finds Gluten Transfer From Some Biodegradable Plates](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/study-finds-gluten-transfer-from-some-biodegradable-plates/) - Researchers at the University of Seville published a study examining whether biodegradable tableware can contaminate gluten-free foods, an issue of growing concern as compostable plates and utensils become more widely used. The team tested eight biodegradable dishes, cups, and straws made from materials such as wheat, wheat pulp, palm leaf, and sugarcane. They measured both the gluten
- [Genetic Risk Score Predicts Type 1 Diabetes Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/genetic-risk-score-predicts-type-1-diabetes-risk/) - A genetic risk score may help identify people at risk for type 1 diabetes before symptoms begin, improving early screening and prevention strategies.
- [Autoimmune Target Identified in ALS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-target-identified-in-als/) - New research identifies an autoimmune target in ALS, linking immune activity, genetics, and disease progression, with implications for future immune-based treatments.
- [Teen Invents Free App That Could Help Those With Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/teen-invents-free-app-that-could-help-those-with-autoimmune-disease/) - Swype AI, built by a 16-year-old, helps users with tremors or motor challenges from MS, RA, lupus, and more control computers using hand gestures and voice.
- [“I Miss Who I Was”: Applegate’s MS Battle Resonates With Many](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/i-miss-who-i-was-applegates-ms-battle-resonates-with-many/) - Christina Applegate’s painful MS update from the hospital shines a light on the struggles millions face with chronic illness, identity, and invisible pain.
- [Sleep’s Important Role in MS Care](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sleeps-important-role-in-ms-care/) - Routine sleep screening and targeted treatment are low-risk, practical steps that can improve fatigue, quality of life, and possibly influence MS disease course.
- [Pathogenic Antibodies Identified in Rare Autoimmune Brain Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/pathogenic-antibodies-identified-in-rare-autoimmune-brain-disease/) - Researchers show patient-derived antibodies directly damage myelin in MOGAD, confirming a key autoimmune mechanism and pointing toward targeted therapies.
- [Fine Particulate Matter in Air Pollution & Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/fine-particulate-matter-in-air-pollution-autoimmune-disease/) - New research links fine particulate air pollution to higher antinuclear antibody levels, suggesting air pollution may influence immune activity tied to autoimmune disease.
- [PBM Reform Bill Seeks to Reduce Cost Barriers for Autoimmune Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/pbm-reform-bill-seeks-to-reduce-cost-barriers-for-autoimmune-patients/) - A bipartisan PBM reform bill aims to reduce drug costs and improve access to essential medications for people living with autoimmune disease.
- [What We Know Now About Inverse Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/what-we-know-now-about-inverse-vaccines/) - New research clarifies how inverse vaccines promote immune tolerance by reprogramming dendritic cells, offering a more targeted approach to autoimmune disease treatment.
- [Revolutionary ‘Inverse Vaccine’ Offers Hope for Autoimmune Disease Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/revolutionary-inverse-vaccine-offers-hope-for-autoimmune-disease-treatment/) - A research team has developed an innovative "inverse vaccine" that could potentially treat autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. This groundbreaking approach could offer more specificity in treatment, minimizing side effects and enhancing patient safety compared to current treatments that broadly suppress the immune system.
- [Promising Phase III Trial for Immune Thrombocytopenia Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/promising-phase-iii-trial-for-immune-thrombocytopenia-treatment/) - A Phase III clinical trial finds that adding ianalumab to eltrombopag extends treatment durability in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
- [Could AI Help Personalize Stem Cell Therapy for Lupus?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/could-ai-help-personalize-stem-cell-therapy-for-lupus/) - Artificial intelligence could help personalize mesenchymal stem cell therapy for lupus by improving consistency, dosing, and treatment response.
- [c-Maf: The Immune “Brake” Shaping Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/c-maf-the-immune-brake-shaping-autoimmune-disease/) - A new review in Frontiers in Immunology highlights new targets in autoimmune disease care by explaining how c-Maf guides immune cells, balancing inflammation and tolerance.
- [CD226+ B-Cells Linked to Sjögren’s Syndrome Severity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/cd226-b-cells-linked-to-sjogrens-syndrome-severity/) - CD226+ B-cells may drive Sjögren’s syndrome, linking to worse symptoms and offering promise as biomarkers and treatment targets.
- [New EBV Receptors Reveal Targets for Therapies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-ebv-receptors-reveal-targets-for-therapies/) - Three new studies identify EBV receptors, including desmocollin 2 and R9AP. Findings validate autoimmune links and offer new therapeutic targets.
- [How EBV Reprograms B Cells to Trigger Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-ebv-reprograms-b-cells-to-trigger-lupus/) - A new study shows Epstein-Barr virus reprograms autoreactive B cells, helping drive lupus autoimmunity. Findings may also clarify links to Long Covid.
- [How Oral Lichen Planus Connects to Systemic Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-oral-lichen-planus-connects-to-systemic-autoimmune-disease/) - New evidence shows oral lichen planus is strongly associated with diabetes, thyroid disease, and celiac disease, highlighting key autoimmune and inflammatory links.
- [Brain Waste-Clearance Impairments Tied to ME/CFS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/brain-waste-clearance-impairments-tied-to-me-cfs/) - Findings show brain waste-clearance dysfunction in ME/CFS, providing biological evidence that validates symptoms patients were once told were “in their head.”
- [NASPGHAN 2025 Marks Major Shift in Celiac Disease Care & Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/naspghan-2025-marks-major-shift-in-celiac-disease-care-research/) - A landmark NASPGHAN symposium spotlighted major advances in celiac disease research, diagnosis, and care, with new tools that may improve outcomes for autoimmune patients.
- [Biologic-Induced Lichen Planus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/biologic-induced-lichen-planus/) - A new review examines how biologic therapies can paradoxically trigger lichen planus, highlighting overlapping immune pathways and their clinical implications.
- [TPO Antibodies Predict Thyroid Disease in Type 1 Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/tpo-antibodies-predict-thyroid-disease-in-type-1-diabetes/) - A 30-year study shows TPO antibodies at type 1 diabetes diagnosis strongly predict future thyroid dysfunction, guiding new age-tailored screening strategies.
- [How NETs Drive Autoimmune Disease and New Treatment Targets](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-nets-drive-autoimmune-disease-and-new-treatment-targets/) - Neutrophil extracellular traps are emerging as key drivers of autoimmune disease. New research highlights how NETs form, cause damage, and offer new treatment targets.
- [Sjögren’s and Lupus: New Insights on Remission](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sjogrens-and-lupus-new-insights-on-remission/) - A recent study published in Frontiers in Immunology examined how systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) overlapping with Sjögren’s disease affects long-term outcomes, especially the likelihood of reaching low disease activity or remission. Sjögren’s disease is the most common connective tissue disease to co-occur with SLE, appearing in roughly 6.5% to 14.5% of patients (as noted by the authors).
- [Record Growth in Autoimmune Treatment Pipeline, but Access Lags](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/record-growth-in-autoimmune-treatment-pipeline-but-access-lags/) - Autoimmune drug innovation is at a record high, but access hasn’t kept pace. Insurance hurdles and crowded treatment classes limit availability.
- [Breakthrough Autoimmune Findings at ACR 2025](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/breakthrough-autoimmune-findings-at-acr-2025/) - At the American College of Rheumatology’s 2025 meeting, researchers reported major advances in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Sjögren disease, and lupus.
- [Saphnelo and Benlysta Differ in Lupus Side-Effect Reports](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/saphnelo-and-benlysta-differ-in-lupus-side-effect-reports/) - A new analysis of the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) compared the lupus medications Saphnelo (anifrolumab) and Benlysta (belimumab), revealing distinct side-effect patterns for each.
- [Breakthrough Compound Reverses Myelin Loss](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/breakthrough-compound-reverses-myelin-loss/) - A new MS therapy repairs myelin and restores vision, showing the first signs of true brain regeneration after autoimmune damage.
- [JAMA+ Launches Women’s Health Channel](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/jama-launches-womens-health-channel/) - JAMA+ Women’s Health takes aim at decades of gender bias in medicine, making women visible in research, data, and clinical practice.
- [How the Brain Regulates Inflammation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-the-brain-regulates-inflammation/) - The brain may hold new answers for autoimmune disease: a Columbia study found neurons that act as an on–off switch for inflammation.
- [What is the Autoimmune Prodrome?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/what-is-the-autoimmune-prodome/) - The autoimmune prodrome is a silent phase before diagnosis. Learn about its signs, immune markers, and why early detection research matters.
- [Nobel Prize: Discoveries That Prevent Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nobel-prize-discoveries-that-prevent-autoimmunity/) - Discoveries of regulatory T cells and the FOXP3 gene earn the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, paving the way for new autoimmune disease therapies.
- [MS Drug May Delay Symptom Onset](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/can-an-approved-treatment-delay-the-onset-of-ms-symptoms/) - A clinical trial shows dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) may delay the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis in people with early brain changes linked to the disease.
- [Building the Body’s Immune Clock](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/building-the-bodys-immune-clock/) - Scientists used AI to create an “immune clock” called iAge that predicts aging and chronic disease by tracking inflammation and immune decline.
- [Gene Therapy Restores Immune Function in ADA-SCID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/breakthrough-gene-therapy-restores-immune-function-in-children-with-ada-scid/) - A lentiviral gene therapy restored lasting immune function in 48 of 50 children with ADA-SCID, marking a major breakthrough in treating immune deficiency.
- [Rheumatoid Arthritis May Raise Parkinson’s Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/are-rheumatoid-arthritis-and-parkinsons-disease-linked/) - A large Korean study links rheumatoid arthritis to a higher risk of Parkinson’s disease, suggesting chronic inflammation may connect the two conditions.
- [Live From the Lab: The Autoimmune Framework](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/live-from-the-lab-the-autoimmune-framework/) - Discover how early immune signals from non-immune cells may shape autoimmune disease—and how science is translating them into new treatments.
- [NIH Webinar on NOURISH Autoimmunity Challenge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-webinar-on-nourish-autoimmunity-challenge/) - NIH’s NOURISH webinar outlines goals, judging criteria, and key dates for ideas linking diet, nutrition, and autoimmune disease research.
- [Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/mast-cell-activation-syndrome-and-autoimmune-disease/) - Is MCAS an autoimmune disease? Learn the differences, where they connect, and why it’s crucial for clearer diagnosis and treatment.
- [Nutrition and Autoimmunity: NIH NOURISH Challenge](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nutrition-and-autoimmunity-nih-nourish-challenge/) - NIH launches the NOURISH Challenge, offering $150K for ideas on how diet and nutrition influence autoimmune onset, flares, and symptom management.
- [Exercise Triggers Immune and Energy Strain in ME/CFS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/exercise-triggers-immune-and-energy-strain-in-me-cfs/) - Study links overactive immunity, energy strain, and gut changes after exercise to post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
- [How Diet Impacts Gut Immunity and Autoimmune Disease Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-diet-impacts-gut-immunity-and-autoimmune-disease-risk/) - NIH workshop explores how diet shapes gut immunity and autoimmune disease risk, highlighting new research opportunities for better treatments.
- [MAHA Report: Autoimmune Disease Claims - IBD trends](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/maha-report-autoimmune-disease-claims-ibd-trends/) - The MAHA report cites a 25% increase in pediatric IBD over the last decade, but is that accurate? We reviewed the sources. Here's what the data really shows.
- [MAHA Report: Autoimmune Disease Claims - Celiac Disease Trends](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/maha-report-autoimmune-disease-claims-celiac-disease-trends/) - The MAHA report cites a 5-fold rise in childhood celiac disease, but is that accurate? We reviewed the sources. Here's what the data really shows.
- [The Relationship Between Blood Glucose and Autoantibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-relationship-between-blood-glucose-and-autoantibodies/) - Study shows rising blood glucose can precede autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes, offering clues for early detection and prevention.
- [The Repertoire of Autoantibodies in Celiac Disease: Any New One?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-repertoire-of-autoantibodies-in-celiac-disease/) - Researchers highlight the limits of current celiac disease antibody tests and propose the tTG neo-epitope as a more sensitive, specific diagnostic marker.
- [Trusted Sources for Reliable Health Information](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/trusted-sources-for-reliable-health-information/) - Five expert-recommended websites offer reliable health information when government sites fall short, plus resources from GAI for the autoimmune community.
- [Dermatitis Herpetiformis: A Form of Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/dermatitis-herpetiformis-a-form-of-celiac-disease/) - Once viewed as separate, dermatitis herpetiformis is now recognized as a form of celiac disease. This change reflects the progress being made in autoimmune research!
- [GAI Honors ARCS Scholar Nikita Sivakumar](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/gai-honors-arcs-scholar-nikita-sivakumar/) - GAI awards $15,000 to ARCS Scholar Nikita Sivakumar of Johns Hopkins for pioneering research in computational immunology and immune cell behavior.
- [When Immune Youth Fuels Autoimmunity in Aging](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/when-immune-youth-fuels-autoimmunity-in-aging/) - Review shows that retaining “immune youth” in older adults can fuel diseases like giant cell arteritis, highlighting risks of immune rejuvenation.
- [Updated Guidance: Autoimmune Drug Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/updated-guidance-autoimmune-drug-safety-in-pregnancy-and-breastfeeding/) - EULAR’s 2024 update confirms many autoimmune drugs are safe for pregnancy and breastfeeding.
- [Is it Safe to Take a Biologic During Pregnancy?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-it-safe-to-take-a-biologic-during-pregnancy/) - Biologics help manage autoimmune disease, but what happens during pregnancy? A new study reviews the latest evidence on safety and outcomes.
- [Veterans With Lupus and RA Have Higher Pregnancy Risks](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/veterans-with-lupus-and-ra-have-higher-pregnancy-risks/) - Pregnant veterans with lupus or RA face sharply higher risks of pregnancy loss and life-threatening complications, exposing gaps in VA maternity care.
- [Global Consensus on Sjögren Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/global-consensus-on-sjogren-disease/) - In 2025, a global consensus renamed Sjögren’s syndrome to Sjögren disease (SjD), replacing “secondary” with “associated” for overlapping autoimmune cases.
- [Breakthrough Insights on Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares & Pain](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/breakthrough-insights-on-rheumatoid-arthritis-flares-pain/) - August 28, 2025 » New research uncovers RA flare predictors, gum disease links, and nerve-driven pain—explaining why RA treatments and medications fail some patients.
- [Antibiotics in Pregnancy and Infancy Not Linked to Autoimmune Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/antibiotics-in-pregnancy-and-infancy-not-linked-to-autoimmune-risk/) - Large Korean study finds antibiotics in pregnancy or early infancy do not raise children’s autoimmune disease risk, though small subgroup signals need monitoring.
- [Largest Genetic Study of ME/CFS Identifies Risk Genes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/largest-genetic-study-identifies-me-cfs-risk-genes/) - DecodeME finds eight genetic loci linked to ME/CFS, confirming immune and nervous system involvement and paving the way for targeted treatments.
- [Advancing Patient Care: Tampere Celiac Disease Symposium 2025](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/advancing-patient-care-tampere-celiac-disease-symposium-2025/) - Join global experts in September at the Tampere Celiac Disease Symposium, focusing on personalized care and the latest breakthroughs in celiac disease management.
- [Firefighter Study Links PFAS to Immune Dysfunction](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/firefighter-study-links-pfas-to-immune-dysfunction/) - New study shows PFAS chemicals disrupt immune gene activity, linking exposure to autoimmune disease risk in firefighters and beyond.
- [Chikungunya Surge May Complicate Autoimmune Diagnoses](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/chikungunya-surge-may-complicate-autoimmune-diagnoses/) - Rising chikungunya cases could blur lines with autoimmune arthritis, making diagnosis harder and highlighting the need to prepare for future immune complications.
- [Infection-Associated Chronic Illness Provider Manual](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/infection-associated-chronic-illness-provider-manual/) - Although millions live with these often-debilitating conditions, most healthcare providers receive little to no formal training in their recognition and management.
- [Transcription Factors Mapping Uncovers Autoimmune Clues in B Cells](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/transcription-factors-autoimmune-bcells/) - Scientists uncover how immune cell “control hubs” are rewired in leukemia—findings that could inform treatments for autoimmune disease.
- [Genetic Guillain-Barré Look-Alike Behind Deadly Cases in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/genetic-guillain-barre-look-alike-behind-deadly-cases-in-children/) - It looked like Guillain-Barré, but then standard treatments failed. A rare gene mutation may explain why 15 children didn’t survive.
- [Adipokines Offer Clues for MS Diagnosis and Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/adipokines-offer-clues-for-ms-diagnosis-and-treatment/) - Adipokines may serve as biomarkers or treatment targets for multiple sclerosis, pointing to a connection between body fat, immunity, and the brain.
- [Genetic and Immune Drivers of Vitiligo](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/genetic-and-immune-drivers-of-vitiligo/) - New research reveals how genetic factors and immune responses shape vitiligo, paving the way for more precise and personalized treatments.
- [Gut–Kidney Connection: Microbiome’s Role in IgA Nephropathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/gut-kidney-connection-microbiomes-role-in-iga-nephropathy/) - New research reveals how gut microbes influence IgA nephropathy through immune pathways, opening the door to targeted therapies and better outcomes.
- [Advancing Imaging Techniques to Diagnose Psoriatic Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/advancing-imaging-techniques-to-diagnose-psoriatic-disease/) - New imaging tools can detect psoriatic arthritis earlier, helping prevent joint damage and tailor treatment through a precision medicine approach.
- [Vagus Nerve Device Approved for Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vagus-nerve-device-approved-for-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - FDA approves vagus nerve implant for RA. The device calms inflammation via neuroimmune reflex and may reduce the need for biologics or JAK inhibitors.
- [New Hope for Pediatric-onset Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-hope-for-pediatric-onset-multiple-sclerosis/) - B cell–targeting therapies offer new hope for children with multiple sclerosis, aiming to reduce relapses and slow disease progression.
- [New Clues to Immune Dysfunction in Sjögren’s](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-clues-to-immune-dysfunction-in-sjogrens/) - Impaired regulatory T cells and interferon gamma may drive Sjögren’s disease, pointing to baricitinib as a possible treatment, new research suggests.
- [Autoimmune Encephalitis Tests Miss the Mark 72% of the Time](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-encephalitis-tests-miss-the-mark-72-of-the-time/) - With the increasing use of commercial autoimmune encephalitis autoantibody test kits, a recent study found a high number of false-positive results leading to misdiagnoses and improper treatment. While autoantibody tests are informative, considering the tests alone without other clinical context can lead to false positive results. The clinical criteria for diagnosis autoimmune encephalitis published in
- [Is Saliva Loss Always Autoimmune? What Mouse Studies Reveal](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-saliva-loss-always-autoimmune-what-mouse-studies-reveal/) - New research shows that reduced saliva production can occur without autoimmunity, challenging assumptions about Sjögren’s disease mechanisms.
- [How Diet Impacts Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-diet-impacts-autoimmunity/) - What you eat can affect autoimmune disease. Learn how the Mediterranean diet and other nutrition choices impact inflammation and immune response.
- [MS Brain Damage Driven by Mitochondria Malfunction](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ms-brain-damage-driven-by-mitochondria-malfunction/) - New study reveals how mitochondrial dysfunction leads to nerve cell damage in MS, offering a potential target to slow disease progression.
- [CAR-T Cell Therapy Enters Autoimmune Arena With Promising Results](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/car-t-cell-therapy-enters-autoimmune-arena-with-promising-results/) - From lupus to MS, CAR-T therapies show potential to reshape autoimmune disease care, offering drug-free remission and faster, targeted immune recovery.
- [Omics Tech Unlocks New Insights Into Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/omics-tech-unlocks-new-insights-into-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - New omics technologies shed light on rheumatoid arthritis by revealing immune cell behavior and potential drug targets.
- [Declining ACIP Activity Raises Concerns for High-Risk Groups](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/declining-acip-activity-raises-concerns-for-high-risk-groups/) - The U.S. vaccine advisory committee is slowing down, just as chronic illness and post-viral risks are rising, and critical guidance for autoimmune and high-risk groups may be falling through the cracks.
- [April 2025 ACIP Day 2: Meningococcal, RSV & Chikungunya Updates](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/april-2025-acip-day-2-meningococcal-rsv-chikungunya-updates/) - ACIP’s April 16 session featured updates on RSV, meningococcal, and chikungunya, with implications for individuals with autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies, and chronic illnesses.
- [April 2025 ACIP Meeting: Autoimmune and Immunocompromised Key Updates](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/april-2025-acip-meeting-autoimmune-and-immunocompromised-key-updates/) - ACIP’s April 2025 meeting previewed vaccine updates with key relevance to autoimmune and immunocompromised patients. This summary covers Day 1 of 2.
- [Kennedy’s Vaccine Panel Firings May Undermine Autoimmune Safety](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/kennedys-vaccine-panel-firings-may-undermine-autoimmune-safety/) - Our Health Secretary just fired the entire U.S. vaccine committee. What does this mean for people with autoimmune disease and the immunocompromised?
- [CAR T-Cell Therapy Side Effects in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/car-t-cell-therapy-side-effects-in-autoimmune-disease/) - New study identifies mild organ-specific side effects of CAR T-cell therapy in autoimmune disease patients, including rashes and temporary kidney issues.
- [Protecting the Immunocompromised: New Bill Moves to Ban Mask Bans](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/protecting-the-immunocompromised-new-bill-moves-to-ban-mask-bans/) - Illinois may soon become a leader in public health and disability rights with a groundbreaking bill that would prohibit statewide bans on mask-wearing. Co-written by Megan E. Doherty and a coalition of disability advocates—many of whom live with chronic illness and autoimmune disease—the bill affirms that wearing a mask is a necessary, life-protecting choice, not a threat. Specifically, the
- [What If Alzheimer’s Begins With the Immune System?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/what-if-alzheimers-begins-with-the-immune-system/) - Could Alzheimer’s involve more than memory loss? From motor symptoms to immune dysfunction, researchers are rethinking the disease from multiple angles.
- [Severe ME/CFS Isn’t Hopeless and Patients Deserve More](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/severe-me-cfs-isnt-hopeless-and-patients-deserve-more/) - People with severe ME/CFS are being dismissed as untreatable. A UK care model shows recovery is possible with the right support.
- [Can Cell and Immune Stress Trigger Alzheimer's?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/can-cell-and-immune-stress-trigger-alzheimers/) - A provocative publication by Dr. Wesley Brooks presents a systems biology theory that connects Alzheimer’s disease to autoimmune processes through immune stress, chromatin disruption, and polyamine imbalance. The paper proposes that Alzheimer’s may not simply be a brain disorder—it may begin with cellular mechanisms that overlap with autoimmune disease pathways. Polyamines are small, positively charged
- [Is Alzheimer’s Disease an Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-alzheimers-disease-an-autoimmune-disease/) - While Alzheimer’s disease has been known as a neurodegenerative disease, a new model mentioned in a piece titled Alzheimer's disease as an innate autoimmune disease (AD2): A new molecular paradigm proposes that Alzheimer’s disease is an autoimmune disease within the brain. This model was born from a comprehensive analysis of existing journals and patent literature.
- [Blood Test Offers Hope for Faster Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/blood-test-offers-hope-for-faster-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-diagnosis/) - New study identifies 511 blood biomarkers for ME/CFS, offering hope for a future diagnostic test that doesn’t rely on ruling out other conditions.
- [Co-Occurrence of ME/CFS and Chronic Pain Conditions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/co-occurrence-of-me-cfs-and-chronic-pain-conditions/) - Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease characterized by a significantly reduced ability to perform daily activities and intense fatigue that lasts for six months or more. Patients with ME/CFS also experience post-exertional, where symptoms worsen following physical, mental or emotional effort. The effects of ME/CFS are wide ranging and debilitating. Many patients
- [ME/CFS Awareness Day: Join the #MillionsMissing Movement](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/me-cfs-awareness-day-join-the-millionsmissing-movement/) - Today and every day, GAI stands in solidarity with the millions of people living with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), also known as ME/CFS. This disabling neuroimmune disease continues to be underfunded, misunderstood, and overlooked by the medical system. May 12 marks ME Awareness Day and the global #MillionsMissing campaign—a movement demanding recognition, biomedical research, and equitable clinical care for people with ME. Though
- [Is CAR T-Cell Therapy Safe for Autoimmune Patients?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-car-t-cell-therapy-safe-for-autoimmune-patients/) - CAR T-cell therapy saved lives—but what happens when cancer meets autoimmunity? A new study uncovers unexpected results.
- [Why Some Autoimmune Diseases Are Hard to Treat](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/why-some-autoimmune-diseases-are-hard-to-treat/) - A new framework redefines “difficult-to-treat” autoimmune diseases and calls for more individualized, holistic care approaches.
- [Piperacillin as a Targeted Lyme Disease Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/piperacillin-as-a-targeted-lyme-disease-treatment/) - Piperacillin may offer a safer, more precise treatment for Lyme disease—without harming the microbiome or causing side effects linked to doxycycline.
- [Can Diet Repair Gut Damage from Antibiotics?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/can-diet-repair-gut-damage-from-antibiotics/) - New research shows diet plays a powerful role in how the gut microbiome bounces back after antibiotics—hinting at a potential path to support immune health.
- [Infections and Pathogens as Triggers of Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/infections-and-pathogens-as-triggers-of-autoimmune-disease/) - Chronic infections like EBV and SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmune disease. Learn how pathogens disrupt immune balance and fuel long-term illness.
- [EBV is Likely the Leading Cause of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ebv-is-likely-the-leading-cause-of-multiple-sclerosis-ms/) - Of the 801 individuals who developed MS during the study, all but one had tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before their MS symptoms began.
- [What Minnesota HF 3219 Says—and What the Science Says](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/mrna-bill-proposed/) - Legislation that misrepresents mRNA technology could hinder progress, discourage innovation, or create public confusion—potentially delaying future treatments for autoimmune patients.
- [New Clues to Preventing Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-clues-to-preventing-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - Researchers found immune cell changes years before rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, offering hope for earlier detection and prevention strategies.
- [How Regulatory T Cells Keep The Body From Attacking Itself](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-regulatory-t-cells-keep-the-body-from-attacking-itself/) - New research shows how regulatory T cells stop immune attacks on the body during infection, offering fresh insight into autoimmune disease prevention.
- [Could a Healthy Fat Help Calm Autoimmune Flares?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/could-a-healthy-fat-help-calm-autoimmune-flares/) - A natural fat called LPC may help reduce flares without harsh immune suppression, according to LJI’s Dr. Sonia Sharma.
- [The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-role-of-exposomes-toxic-chemicals-food-and-pathogens-in-the-pathophysiology-of-ads/) - What drives autoimmune disease? This research explores how your exposome—everything from food to infections—can disrupt immune health.
- [FDA Clears Trial of Controllable CAR-T Therapy for Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/fda-clears-trial-of-controllable-car-t-therapy-for-autoimmune-disease/) - FDA clears first trial of controllable CAR-T therapy for lupus, offering a targeted way to remove harmful immune cells without suppressing the whole system.
- [New Celiac Screening Test Approved by FDA for At-Home Use](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/glutenid-cleared-by-fda/) - GlutenID is the first at-home celiac screening test FDA approved for genetic risk detection—no prescription needed, but medical follow-up is still essential.
- [White House Vows to Tackle Autoimmune and Chronic Illness](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/white-house-vows-to-tackle-autoimmune-and-chronic-illness/) - Autoimmune disease is named in a new White House chronic illness initiative, but no official autoimmune disease policy has been outlined yet.
- [Uncovering Common Genetic Factors Among Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/uncovering-common-genetic-factors-among-autoimmune-diseases/) - Harroud and Hafler explore the genetic factors contributing to autoimmune diseases, highlighting shared genetic mechanisms, particularly within the major histocompatibility complex region, revealing variants linked to multiple autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
- [Children’s National Hosts 35th Annual Pediatric Neurology Update](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/childrens-national-hosts-35th-annual-pediatric-neurology-update/) - Join experts at Children’s National’s Pediatric Neurology Update on April 10 to explore epilepsy, neurointervention, and mental health in kids with neurological disease.
- [Do Vaccines Increase Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/do-vaccines-increase-rheumatoid-arthritis-risk/) - Could vaccines trigger or protect against rheumatoid arthritis? A new study explores the link—find out what researchers discovered and why it matters.
- [How Aging Exacerbates Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-aging-exacerbates-autoimmune-disease/) - Aging rewires the immune system—but what if we could reset it? Discover how new therapies aim to fight autoimmune disease.
- [Join Us for Live from the Lab: Decoding Early Immune Signals](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/join-us-for-live-from-the-lab-decoding-early-immune-signals/) - Mark your calendar for Wednesday, March 19, 2025, from 3:00-4:00 p.m. (ET) / 12:00-1:00 p.m. (PT) as Dr. Sonia Sharma, Associate Professor at La Jolla Institute for Immunology, explores the critical role of innate immunity in autoimmune disease and inflammation. In this Live from the Lab webinar, Dr. Sharma will uncover how non-immune cells—like those in the skin and
- [Genetic and Lifestyle Factors Linked to Sarcoidosis Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/genetic-and-lifestyle-factors-linked-to-sarcoidosis-risk/) - A new genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies 28 genetic loci, modifiable risk factors, and circulating biomarkers associated with sarcoidosis. A large-scale GWAS involving 9,755 sarcoidosis cases and over 1.5 million controls has pinpointed key genetic risk factors for the disease. The strongest association was found at the C1orf141-IL23R locus, with additional risk loci linked to immune
- [Prior Heart Disease Increases Risk of ICI-Associated Myocarditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/prior-heart-disease-increases-risk-of-ici-associated-myocarditis/) - A new study links prior heart injury to increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis due to self-reactive memory T cells.
- [Potential mRNA Treatment for Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/mrna-treatment-multiple-sclerosis/) - These are truly novel times that we are experiencing, and the scientific community is no different. A new mRNA vaccine technology demonstrates the possibility of treating disease-specific autoimmunity for diseases like multiple sclerosis
- [Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Detected Earlier with New 4D Brain Map](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/multiple-sclerosis-lesions-detected-earlier-with-new-4d-brain-map/) - Scientists have developed a 4D brain map that detects MS lesions weeks before they appear—a breakthrough that could lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatments.
- [How the Immune System Attacks the Brain in Neuromyelitis Optica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-the-immune-system-attacks-the-brain-in-neuromyelitis-optica/) - A new study reveals how neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a rare autoimmune disease, damages the brain and spinal cord. Scientists used advanced imaging to see how harmful antibodies in NMO attack aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a protein that helps move water in the brain. What happens in NMO? The immune system mistakenly targets AQP4, damaging brain support cells (astrocytes) and causing nerve damage, vision loss, and muscle weakness.
- [NIH Funds Conferences to Standardize Autoimmune Research Data](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nih-funds-conferences-to-standardize-autoimmune-research-data/) - The NIH is funding conferences to develop Common Data Elements for autoimmune disease research, improving data consistency, collaboration, and treatment insights.
- [Flu-Linked Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/flu-linked-acute-necrotizing-encephalopathy-in-children/) - Reports suggest a possible increase in acute necrotizing encephalopathy cases linked to influenza in children. Experts urge caution and further investigation.
- [Toxic Exposure and Autoimmune Disease: Superfund Sites](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/toxic-exposure-and-autoimmune-disease-superfund-sites/) - Toxic waste exposure at Superfund sites is linked to higher autoimmune disease rates. Learn how pollutants like TCE and heavy metals impact immune health.
- [Understanding Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis Risks](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/understanding-immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-myocarditis-risks/) - How immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause myocarditis, a rare but serious side effect of cancer therapy, and the research advancing safer treatments.
- [Microplastics, Immunity & Brain Health: Findings from a New Study](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/microplastics-immunity-brain-health-findings-from-a-new-study/) - A recent study found microplastics in human brains linked to immune cell buildup and inflammation, raising concerns about neurodegenerative disease risks.
- [Link Between Alzheimer’s Disease Pathologies and Herpes Virus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/link-between-alzheimers-disease-pathologies-and-herpes-virus/) - The tau protein is well known for its role in Alzheimer’s disease, where these proteins undergo modifications and accumulate inside neurons. This causes toxic effects inside the cell, leading to neuronal death and cognitive decline. However, tau proteins are actually a normal part of the brain and can protect the brain from invading viruses. Normally,
- [Autoimmune Disease and Pregnancy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-diseases-and-pregnancy-a-complex-relationship/) - Autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women, often during their prime reproductive years. Consequently, understanding their interplay with pregnancy is crucial for optimizing maternal and fetal health. A recent study, "Autoimmunity in obstetrics and autoimmune diseases in pregnancy," delves into this complex relationship. Here’s what the article found: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune disorder, poses
- [Assessing Chagas Disease Risk With Kissing Bug Surveillance](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/assessing-chagas-disease-risk-with-kissing-bug-surveillance/) - How prevalent are kissing bugs? How often do they carry the parasite T. cruzi? What hosts do they feed for blood meals?
- [Arthritis Activity Suppressing Protein Discovery](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/arthritis-activity-suppressing-protein-discovery/) - A team discovered that the protein 14-3-3ζ suppresses inflammatory arthritis in rats, offering new therapeutic insights. Rats lacking 14-3-3ζ developed severe arthritis, but a preventive vaccine using 14-3-3ζ reduced symptoms, suggesting this protein plays a key role in protecting against autoimmunity.
- [Are Immunosuppressants Neuroprotective in Autoimmune Disease?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/are-immunosuppressants-neuroprotective-in-autoimmune-disease/) - A preclinical study called Immunosuppression prevents neuronal atrophy in lupus-prone mice: evidence for brain damage induced by autoimmune disease? published in the Journal of Neuroimmunology evaluated the effects of chronic autoimmune disease on neural activity in a mouse model. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or lupus, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread inflammation that impacts
- [Air Pollution Increases Autoimmunity Risk](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/air-pollution-increases-autoimmunity-risk/) - In this study, scientists analyzed medical data from 81,636 individuals in Italy, along with air pollution data from the Italian Institute of Environmental Protection and Research.
- [Age-Related Variations in Giant Cell Arteritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/age-related-variations-in-giant-cell-arteritis/) - Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory disease affecting blood vessels in the scalp, neck, and arms, primarily affecting individuals over 50, with prevalence increasing with age. However, the specific impact of age on symptom presentation and severity has remained unclear. A recent study published in the journal Vasculitis titled, “Age at diagnosis influences the
- [Advancing Women's Health: Insights into Autoimmune Diseases efforts at NIH](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/advancing-womens-health-insights-into-autoimmune-diseases-efforts-at-nih/) - Efforts are increasingly directed towards funding and understanding the issues affecting women's health. To facilitate the gathering of information, the NIH has compiled fact sheets outlining the current state of science on specific health topics. In the section titled "Autoimmune Diseases and Women’s Health," the focus is specifically on autoimmune disease, highlighting several important points.
- [A New Role for Chemokines in Inducing Inflammation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/a-new-role-for-chemokines-in-inducing-inflammation/) - Research uncovers a new role of chemokines potentially linked to autoimmune disease. Chemokines are proteins made by immune system cells that normally alert and guide immune cells to an infection site.
- [1.3% of U.S. adults documented to have ME/CFS in 2021-2022](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/1-3-of-u-s-adults-documented-to-have-me-cfs-in-2021-2022/) - The NCHS Data Brief No. 488, released this month by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, presents key findings on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) in U.S. adults based on the 2021–2022 National Health Interview Survey.
- [Trained Immunity: Gut Bacteria & Bone Marrow Connection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/trained-immunity-gut-bacteria-bone-marrow-connection/) - A recently published study explores the impact of gut microbiota translocation, particularly Enterococcus faecalis, on inducing trained immunity (TI) in myeloid progenitors within the bone marrow. Key findings include: Gut Barrier Disruption and Trained Immunity Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment in mice leads to gut barrier disruption, allowing E. faecalis to translocate to the bone marrow. This translocation triggers
- [Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Warning Added to RSV Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs-warning-added-to-rsv-vaccines/) - The FDA self-controlled case series GBS update, presented at the October 2024 meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, reported the following
- [The Immune System’s Role in Heart Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-immune-systems-role-in-heart-disease/) - Groundbreaking insights from the Cardioimmunology Symposia on immune-driven heart diseases, revealing new therapies and diagnostics for heart health.
- [Protein that Determines When T Cells Rest or Awaken Identified](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/protein-that-determines-when-t-cells-rest-or-awaken-identified/) - Our immune system helps protect us from disease, but this doesn’t mean they’re always combating threats like bacteria or viruses. Sometimes, there aren’t any threats to respond to. In those cases, the immune system waits for the right signals to “awaken.” In a recent study, scientists identified a protein called MED12 that is the mastermind
- [Repurposing A Diuretic Drug to Treat Skin Inflammation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/repurposing-a-diuretic-drug-to-treat-skin-inflammation/) - Immunosuppressive drugs are often used to treat autoimmune diseases, but come with some disadvantages: they can be expensive, difficult to administer, and leave patients prone to infections. New research finds a possible therapy for psoriasis that avoids using immunosuppressive drugs altogether. In this work, scientists tested drug compounds on their effects on inflammatory signals. They
- [New Mutations Identified Linked to Rare Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-mutations-identified-linked-to-rare-autoimmune-disease/) - Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare autoimmune disorder. The disease has a genetic basis where mutations in both copies of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) cause disease. This regulator is normally responsible for eliminating self-reactive T cells, but when mutated, has the potential to cause autoimmune disease. While there are AIRE variants known to
- [Plant Autoimmunity and Microbiota: Implications for Human Health](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/plant-autoimmunity-and-microbiota-implications-for-human-health/) - Although most studies of autoimmunity focus on human health, there’s a lot we can learn about autoimmunity from studying other organisms such as plants. Scientists from Duke University recently identified a gene that helps arabidopsis plants maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Their work, titled Roles of microbiota in autoimmunity in Arabidopsis leaves, has implications for
- [How Interactions between Genetic Variants and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Contribute to Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-interactions-between-genetic-variants-and-epstein-barr-virus-infection-contribute-to-multiple-sclerosis/) - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) for nearly 40 years and nearly all MS patients have a history of EBV infections. However, the mechanisms behind this association have been difficult to understand. Moreover, 95% of healthy adults have had a prior EBV infection but only 0.1-0.5% of adults have MS
- [Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Effects from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors used to Treat Cancer](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/cardiovascular-immune-related-adverse-effects-from-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors-used-to-treat-cancer/) - Molecules on the surface of a type of immune cell called T cells help determine when an immune response is needed. Normally, these immune checkpoints keep T cells from attacking our own cells. Some cancer cells, however, have molecules on their surfaces that interact with the T cells' inhibitory checkpoints as a way to prevent
- [Understanding Cardiac Sarcoidosis on a Cellular Level](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/understanding-cardiac-sarcoidosis-on-a-cellular-level/) - Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by granulomas that typically appear in the lungs and lymph nodes. Most sarcoidosis research has been in pulmonary sarcoidosis, with less known about cardiac sarcoidosis. To understand more about cardiac sarcoidosis and how its presentation overlaps with its pulmonary counterpart, a recent study examined datasets to pinpoint how active
- [Untangling the Mechanisms behind Autoimmune Myocarditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/untangling-the-mechanisms-behind-autoimmune-myocarditis/) - Autoimmune myocarditis, a rare disease where the immune system attacks heart tissue, results in heart muscle inflammation and reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood. It’s linked to other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and polymyositis as well as prior viral infection or drug reaction. Cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors sometimes develop
- [Advancing Autoimmune Research with Sex-Based Insights](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/advancing-autoimmune-research-with-sex-based-insights/) - The NIH's Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) engaged with the Japan Science and Technology Agency to share insights on fostering gendered innovations and integrating "sex as a biological variable" (SABV) in research. Why is "Sex As a Biological Variable" Research Necessary? Both Drs. Hunter and Douthard expressed how "the inclusion of both sexes
- [A Type of Immune Cell Behaves Differently in SLE Patients](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/a-type-of-immune-cell-behaves-differently-in-sle-patients/) - Neutrophils are a type of immune cell thought to be the “first line of defense” against microbial invaders. These cells expel web-like traps that bind and immobilize microbes. Many studies have found connections between neutrophil dysregulation and systemic lupus erythematosus. A pro-inflammatory subtype of neutrophils has been extensively studied in the context of SLE, but
- [Autoimmune Disease Researchers Receive EXACT-PLAN Awards](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/autoimmune-disease-researchers-receive-exact-plan-awards/) - The Office of Autoimmune Disease Research and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases announced the recipients of the EXACT-PLAN awards. The awards are intended to build infrastructure, partnerships, and capabilities needed for research into how environmental exposures influence the development of autoimmune diseases. Award recipients include: Jane Buckner, president of the
- [New Mouse Model Unveils Autoimmune T Cell Involvement in Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-mouse-model-unveils-autoimmune-t-cell-involvement-in-checkpoint-inhibitor-induced-myocarditis/) - Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are medications used to treat a variety of cancers by targeting proteins such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 on cells. These proteins normally prevent the immune system from attacking healthy cells by sending an “off” signal to the immune cells. However, cancer cells often misuse this process to escape the immune system.
- [New Biomarkers of Lupus Nephritis May Help Predict Treatment Response](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-biomarkers-of-lupus-nephritis-may-help-predict-treatment-response/) - A recent study called Association of autoantibody concentrations and trajectories with lupus nephritis histologic features and treatment response published in Arthritis & Rheumatology identified autoantibodies in people with lupus nephritis (LN) that may predict treatment response and thus represent potential biomarkers of the disease. LN is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a
- [Do Gut Microbes Predict Multiple Sclerosis Severity?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/do-gut-microbes-predict-multiple-sclerosis-severity/) - In a study titled Gut microbial factors predict disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, researchers use a preclinical mouse model of multiple sclerosis to pinpoint microbial factors in the pre-disease gut microbiome that could be linked to disease outcome. Finding microbial predictors of this disease is difficult in human cohort studies, as
- [Mechanisms Behind Regulatory T Cell Dysfunction](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/mechanisms-behind-regulatory-t-cell-dysfunction/) - New research from Yale University unravels the mechanism behind regulatory T cell dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Their study titled An autoimmune transcriptional circuit drives FOXP3+ regulatory T cell dysfunction found that people with multiple sclerosis have elevated expression of a protein called PRDM1-S. This protein induces the expression of a salt-sensing enzyme that affects regulatory
- [New Protein Mutation Behind Autoimmune Disease Identified](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-protein-mutation-behind-autoimmune-disease-identified/) - In a recent publication titled A TNIP1-driven systemic autoimmune disorder with elevated IgG4, researchers identify a protein mutation associated with autoimmune diseases. This protein, TNIP1, has roles in protein metabolism to remove old proteins and mitochondria, which generates the energy source to power the cell. TNIP1 usually brings these damaged mitochondria to compartments in the
- [Whole-Person Approach to Women's Health Research](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/whole-person-approach-to-womens-health-research/) - A recent White House workshop convened NIH experts to discuss a "whole-person" approach to women’s health, emphasizing the role of biological, social, and structural factors across a woman’s lifespan.
- [Influence of Epigenetics on Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/influence-of-epigenetics-on-autoimmunity/) - Autoimmune diseases are highly complex diseases with a known genetic component. But, genetics isn’t the only factor that influences the development of autoimmune diseases. Another important player: epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic modifications describe a layer of changes that can happen to DNA without altering the DNA sequence itself. These changes can have profound effects on immunity
- [Studies Link Systemic Inflammation to Worsening Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/studies-link-systemic-inflammation-to-worsening-multiple-sclerosis/) - New research from the University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton finds that inflammation outside of the brain leads to the progression of multiple sclerosis. They found that common illnesses (ex: flu and urinary tract infections) are linked to loss of nerve cells in the spinal cord. In their study titled Systemic inflammation associates with
- [Potential Oral Therapy to Treat ALS Showing Promise](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/potential-oral-therapy-to-treat-als-showing-promise/) - Io Therapeutics plans to launch a Phase 2 trial for IRX4204, its investigational oral therapy, to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). IRX4204 is a “RXR agonist compound” that activates retinoid X receptors which regulate expression of genes associated with inflammation and metabolism. It promotes the growth of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells that keep the immune
- [Nightmares and Daymares - What’s Their Connection to Lupus?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nightmares-and-daymares-whats-their-connection-to-lupus/) - Researchers report that nightmares and daymares can act as an indicator of the onset or flares of lupus in an article titled Neuropsychiatric prodromes and symptom timings in relation to disease onset and/or flares in SLE: results from the mixed methods international INSPIRE study. Through a series of interviews and surveys with people living with
- [Sex Differences in Immune Responses](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sex-differences-in-immune-responses/) - A review article published in Nature Reviews Immunology titled Sex differences in immune responses highlights several key areas of how sex differences impact the immune response. This includes: How age and reproductive state influence the immune response How sex hormones contribute to differences in immune regulation between males and females How environmental factors, such as
- [Impact of Endocrine Transitions on Autoimmunity in Women](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/impact-of-endocrine-transitions-on-autoimmunity-in-women/) - Approximately 80% of autoimmune disease patients are women. One reason behind this striking statistic is the endocrinological changes during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, according to the review article titled Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan. These changes affect the innate and adaptive immune system as well as cytokine expression. Endocrine
- [Experts Report Environmental Contributors to Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/experts-report-environmental-contributors-to-autoimmune-disease/) - An article called Epidemiology of environmental exposures and human autoimmune diseases: Findings from a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Expert Panel Workshop summarizes research findings from 1982 to 2012 on the impact of environmental factors in autoimmunity. Their work evaluates the connections between chemical agents (ex: asbestos, pesticides, solvents, smoking, and cosmetics), physical factors,
- [Addressing the Rapid Rise in Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/addressing-the-rapid-rise-in-autoimmunity/) - A new review article titled The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention describes the increase in autoimmunity in recent years and how changes in our environmental exposures contribute to the increased prevalence of autoimmunity. Recent investigations have found that autoantibody frequencies are
- [Abatacept as a Potential Preventative for Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/abatacept-as-a-potential-preventative-for-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - Abatacept, FDA-approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), may soon serve as a preventative measure for those at high risk of developing RA. A recent Lancet publication titled, “Abatacept in individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (APIPPRA): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial,” reports these trial results. The trial enrolled individuals
- [New Hope for Ulcerative Colitis Patients: FDA Greenlights Omvoh](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-hope-for-ulcerative-colitis-patients-fda-greenlights-omvoh/) - Ulcerative Colitis (UC) presents a significant challenge as an inflammatory bowel disease. Fortunately, there is encouraging news with the FDA's recent approval of a new medication from Lilly designed for adults with moderate to severe UC. The announcement of this FDA approval came through a press release on Lilly's website titled “FDA Approves Lilly's Omvoh™
- [Microbiome Composition Predicts Onset of Crohn's Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/microbiome-composition-predicts-onset-of-crohns-disease/) - All individuals harbor a diverse array of microbes within their gastrointestinal (GI) system, collectively known as the gut microbiome. Each person possesses a unique combination of microbes shaping this microbiome. For quite some time, researchers have hypothesized that the composition of the gut microbiome may play a crucial role in the development and/or progression of
- [Improper X Chromosome Inactivation and Hormonal Fluctuations Linked to Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/improper-x-chromosome-inactivation-and-hormonal-fluctuations-linked-to-autoimmunity/) - Approximately 80% of autoimmune disease patients are women. A review article titled The Prevalence of Autoimmune Disorders in Women: A Narrative Review explores several possible reasons why women are more susceptible than men to autoimmune diseases including: Improper X chromosome inactivation: During embryonic development, one of the two X chromosomes in women becomes inactivated to
- [Antibodies Against Immune Signaling Molecules Lead to Immune Deficiencies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/antibodies-against-immune-signaling-molecules-lead-to-immune-deficiencies/) - Patients with thymomas, or tumors found in the thymus, often produce antibodies against signaling molecules that modulate the immune system. Antibodies against one such molecule, interleukin-23 (IL-23), could contribute to adult-onset immunodeficiency that lead to opportunistic infections. This finding was reported in a recent publication titled Anti–Interleukin-23 Autoantibodies in Adult-Onset Immunodeficiency. It’s common for patients
- [Tailored Autoimmune Disease Medications Thanks to “Digital Twins”](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/tailored-autoimmune-disease-medications-thanks-to-digital-twins/) - What if you could test thousands of drugs before choosing the best one for a patient? This is now possible thanks to “digital twins” that model the activity of thousands of genes in different cell types during inflammatory diseases and drug treatment.This work was published in BMC Genome Medicine in a paper called scDrugPrio: a
- [New Lupus Drug, RSLV-132 Shows Mixed Results](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-lupus-drug-rslv-132-shows-mixed-results/) - Results from a clinical trial of a new lupus drug, RSLV-132, were recently reported in a publication, Evaluation of RNase therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised phase 2a clinical trial of RSLV-132. Sixty-four patients, who had moderate to severe forms of systemic lupus erythematosus, were given RSLV-132 for six months and evaluated using the
- [Sinus Infections and Autoimmune Disease. What’s the Connection?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sinus-infections-and-autoimmune-disease-whats-the-connection/) - Scientists from the Mayo Clinic report the link between sinusitis and rheumatic diseases in a recent publication titled “Association between sinusitis and incident rheumatic diseases: a population-based study.” In their study, they found that the odds of developing rheumatic disease increased by 40% in individuals with previous acute or persistent sinusitis. These researchers were spurred
- [FDA Approves Oral Drug for Ulcerative Colitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/fda-approves-oral-drug-for-ulcerative-colitis/) - The FDA approved a once-daily oral drug for treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). This drug, VELSIPITY™, is a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and was developed by Pfizer, Inc. Modulating S1P receptors sequesters a specific type of immune cells in the lymph nodes so that they are not available for inflammation in sites
- [Infant Gut Microbiome Holds Clues on Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/infant-gut-microbiome-holds-clues-on-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/) - In a publication titled “Infant gut microbiota and environment associate with juvenile idiopathic arthritis many years prior to disease onset, especially in genetically vulnerable children,” scientists describe how children who develop juvenile idiopathic arthritis have signs of the disease in the gut microbiomes at least 10 years before diagnosis. They found that children who develop
- [Stopping Rheumatoid Arthritis From Becoming Clinical](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/stopping-rheumatoid-arthritis-from-becoming-clinical/) - A phase IIb clinical trial called “Arthritis Prevention In the Pre-clinical Phase of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Abatacept” found that treatment with abatacept prevented preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from becoming clinical. This study was aimed towards individuals with a high risk of developing RA. These individuals are at the preclinical stage of disease and generate autoantibodies
- [Sex Differences in Neutrophil Biology and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/sex-differences-in-neutrophil-biology-and-autoimmunity/) - In this study, researchers collected blood samples from healthy males and females. They focused on neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune cells circulating in the blood.
- [Rising Incidence of Autoimmune Diseases: Insights from the UK](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/rising-incidence-of-autoimmune-diseases-insights-from-the-uk/) - Reports have indicated that the incidence of autoimmune diseases is rising. However, there is limited data on the incidence (new cases) and prevalence (total number of cases) of autoimmune diseases and how these metrics are changing over time. Additionally, it is unclear how age, socioeconomic factors, and other diseases may impact the incidence. To address
- [Injectable Antibody Shows Promise for Food Allergies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/injectable-antibody-shows-promise-for-food-allergies/) - A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, “Omalizumab for the Treatment of Multiple Food Allergies,” suggests an FDA-approved injectable antibody called Omalizumab may offer protection from accidental exposure to certain food allergens. Dealing with the hidden dangers in foods Nearly 5.5 million children have food allergies, many with allergies to more
- [The Potential of Circular RNA Therapy for Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-potential-of-circular-rna-therapy-for-autoimmune-disease/) - Scientists have found that circRNAs can be engineered to deliver instructions into cells, potentially making new proteins to correct gene mutations.
- [Gut Dysbiosis Associated with Lupus Flares](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/gut-dysbiosis-associated-with-lupus-flares/) - A five-year study tracked microbes from fecal samples from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients to find out how gut microbes affect lupus flares. Their publication, Longitudinal gut microbiome analyses and blooms of pathogenic strains during lupus disease flares, documents their findings. The researchers found that the bacteria Ruminococcus gnavus increased during lupus flares. While they
- [Monoclonal Antibodies Target Glycoproteins on Epstein-Barr Virus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/monoclonal-antibodies-target-glycoproteins-on-epstein-barr-virus/) - A panel of six human monoclonal antibodies targeting five distinct regions of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was reported in a publication called “Epstein-Barr virus gH/gL has multiple sites of vulnerability for virus neutralization and fusion inhibition.” These monoclonal antibodies were developed against different sites of two glycoproteins that help the virus bind human cells. Each of
- [Genetic Variations Behind the Link Between EBV and MS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/genetic-variations-behind-the-link-between-ebv-and-ms/) - Research from Medical University of Vienna sheds light on why Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection leads to multiple sclerosis (MS) in some people but not others. Their study was titled “Ineffective Immune Control of Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Autoreactive Responses is an Important Cause of Multiple Sclerosis.” EBV, the causative agent behind mononucleosis, contains a protein that is
- [Pilot Study Shows Success of CAR-T Therapy for Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/pilot-study-shows-success-of-car-t-therapy-for-lupus/) - In a study titled Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, scientists report the results of a pilot study that investigates how CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell) therapy can effectively target B cells involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In their study, five patients received one dose of CAR-T cell therapy. All
- [Lung Microbiome Regulates Microglial Cell Inflammation in the Brain](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/lung-microbiome-regulates-microglial-cell-inflammation-in-the-brain/) - Research from the University Medical Center Göttingen finds evidence of a “lung-brain axis” that influences the development of autoimmune disease in rat brains. They report their findings in a publication in Nature titled The lung microbiome regulates brain autoimmunity. Their study used antibiotics to modulate the lung microbiome in different ways. Antibiotic treatment that reduced
- [Adapting to Life with Sjogren’s Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/adapting-to-life-with-sjogrens-syndrome-a-medical-narrative/) - Despite her doctorate and strong medical background, Jennifer Walker endured the same agonizing process of misdiagnosis and searching for answers to her debilitating symptoms just like so many others.
- [Key Takeaways from 2024 Autoimmune Community Summit](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/key-takeaways-from-2024-autoimmune-community-summit/) - Exploring the latest developments in autoimmune disease research, patient care, and the impact of environmental factors like diet and climate change.
- [Combining a Steroid with a TNF Inhibitor for RA Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/combining-a-steroid-with-a-tnf-inhibitor-for-ra-treatment/) - Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are familiar with treatments such as steroids, biologics, or traditional immune suppressants. However, not all patients respond to these standard therapies. Recognizing this challenge, scientists have explored a novel drug called ABBV-3373. This drug combines a steroid with an inhibitor against TNF, an immune system molecule implicated in various
- [Pirfenidone's Potential in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/pirfenidones-potential-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-associated-interstitial-lung-disease/) - Some patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can develop interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is a complication where their lung forms scar tissue known as fibrosis. ILD can be challenging to treat and new avenues are needed. A recent paper published in The Lancet Journal of Respiratory Medicine titled, “Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pirfenidone in
- [A New Type of Regulatory T Cells May Prevent Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/a-new-type-of-regulatory-t-cells-may-prevent-autoimmune-disease/) - Scientists from Stanford University School of Medicine identify a new type of regulatory T cells that can help suppress autoimmune disease. They report their findings in a recent publication titled “KIR+CD8+ T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19.” This regulatory T cell is a type of CD8+ T
- [Nipocalimab Demonstrates Efficacy for Myasthenia Gravis and Sjogren's Disease Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/nipocalimab-demonstrates-efficacy-for-myasthenia-gravis-and-sjogrens-disease-treatment/) - In a recent press release, Johnson and Johnson reported positive results from their trials looking at an antibody known as nipocalimab for the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Sjogren's Disease (SjD). In its phase 3 trial for MG they reported a statistically significant reduction in scores of disease compared to those in the placebo
- [Vicarious Racism Linked to Increased Lupus Activity in Black Women](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/vicarious-racism-linked-to-increased-lupus-activity-in-black-women/) - In a recent study, “Vicarious Racism and Disease Activity: The Black Women’s Experiences Living with Lupus (BeWELL) Study,” researchers have unveiled a potential link between vicarious racism and increased lupus activity in Black women. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is an autoimmune disease that causes widespread inflammation in the body. Black women
- [How Close Are We Toward a Path to Cure Multiple Sclerosis? ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-close-are-we-toward-a-path-to-cure-multiple-sclerosis/) - At the 2023 Joint ECTRIMS-ACTRIMS Meeting in Milan, Dr. Stephen Hauser, Professor of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), gave a lecture where he summarized the latest research on multiple sclerosis (MS). In his lecture, Dr. Hauser focused on advancements in genetics research on MS. Recent findings have shown that certain genetic
- [CAR T Cell Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/car-t-cell-therapy-for-systemic-lupus-erythematosus/) - A small clinical study called Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus published in Nature Medicine investigated the effects of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy on patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CAR T cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy in which a patient’s own T cells (immune
- [Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/neutrophil-extracellular-traps-and-autoimmunity/) - A study called Autoantibodies to neutrophil extracellular traps represent a potential serological biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis published in the Journal of Autoimmunity explored the role of neutrophil networks as potential biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to their role in autoimmunity. Biomarkers that can facilitate early diagnosis, monitor disease activity, or predict prognosis are of
- [Retinal Thickness May Indicate Multiple Sclerosis Relapse](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/retinal-thickness-may-indicate-multiple-sclerosis-relapse/) - A study called Retinal layer thinning after optic neuritis is associated with future relapse remission in relapsing multiple sclerosis, published in Neurology, evaluated the potential clinical utility of retinal thinning associated with acute optic neuritis (ON) as a biomarker of relapse remission in multiple sclerosis (MS). Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the most common type of MS,
- [OCT's Role in Improving Early MS Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/octs-role-in-improving-early-ms-diagnosis/) - Early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), crucial for initiating disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) to halt disease progression, remains a significant challenge. In their article "Diagnostic Performance of Adding the Optic Nerve Region Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography to the Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis," Austrian researchers propose modifying current diagnostic criteria to facilitate earlier MS diagnosis.
- [Unpacking the Vitamin D-Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Link](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/unpacking-the-vitamin-d-autoimmune-thyroid-disease-link/) - A growing body of research links vitamin D (vit D) deficiency to a host of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The review article, The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Narrative Review Article, explores this link. What Do We Know About the
- [Is There New Hope for Controlling Multiple Sclerosis?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/is-there-new-hope-for-controlling-multiple-sclerosis/) - New targeted therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are on the horizon. A recent research article titled, Antigen-specific depletion of CD4+ T cells by CAR T cells reveals distinct roles of higher- and lower-affinity TCRs during autoimmunity, investigates targeted gene therapy as a new approach for treating multiple sclerosis. Faulty immune cells, autoreactive T cells, are thought
- [Faster and More Cost-Effective MS Diagnosis Test?](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/faster-and-more-cost-effective-ms-diagnosis-test/) - Mayo Clinic researchers may have unlocked the door to a faster, more affordable test to help diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). A research article titled “CSF Kappa Free Light Chains: Cutoff Validation for Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis” shows that measuring kappa free light chains (KCSF) gives results comparable to current testing that measures oligoclonal bands (OCB). KCSF and
- [Low-dose IL-2 as a Potential Treatment for Primary Sjögren Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/low-dose-il-2-as-a-potential-treatment-for-primary-sjogren-syndrome/) - Patients diagnosed with Primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) experience symptoms such as dry eyes, dry mouth, and systemic manifestations due to the immune system attacking itself. pSS patients are commonly treated with steroids and other immunosuppressive medications. However, these can have harsh side effects and are not always effective. Recent research exploring an alternative was published
- [Phase 2 Trial of Litifilimab for SLE Shows Some Promise](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/phase-2-trial-of-litifilimab-for-sle-shows-some-promise/) - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by higher levels of an immune system molecule known as interferon (IFN). Normally, IFN helps activate the immune system in cases of infection, but in those with autoimmunity, it may exacerbate disease progression. A recent Phase 2 trial was published in the New England
- [mRNA Vaccines Promise Effective Autoimmune Disease Treatments](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/mrna-vaccines-promise-effective-autoimmune-disease-treatments/) - In some autoimmune diseases T cells become autoreactive and target the patient's own tissues. One goal of treatment aims to control these autoreactive T cells, without harming the rest of the immune response. A paper titled A noninflammatory mRNA vaccine for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, published in Science in 2021, describes how mRNA vaccines
- [Deciphering the Role of miR-30e: From Viral Defense to Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/deciphering-the-role-of-mir-30e-from-viral-defense-to-autoimmunity/) - Our immune system relies on numerous factors to ensure that it is turned on or off appropriately. One factor is small RNA molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs). Some RNAs serve as a messenger between DNA and protein production. However, miRNAs regulate the production of other proteins without being made into proteins themselves. A paper published
- [Inclusive Research in Autoimmunity: Addressing Sex Disparities ](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/inclusive-research-in-autoimmunity-addressing-sex-disparities/) - We know that autoimmune diseases tend to impact those born female more often than males. One study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigations titled, The X-linked histone demethylase Kdm6a in CD4+ T lymphocytes modulates autoimmunity, identified a likely contributor: a gene on the X chromosome known as Kmd6a. Individuals born female have two X
- [The Population Burden of Autoimmune Diseases in the U.S.](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-population-burden-of-autoimmune-diseases-in-the-u-s/) - Autoimmune diseases significantly impact individuals. However, the full extent of their impact on the population level has been unclear, as many statistics focus on only one or two autoimmune diseases rather than the full spectrum. To address this gap, a paper titled “Epidemiology and Estimated Population Burden of Selected Autoimmune Diseases in the United States”
- [Linking Premature Ovarian Insufficiency to Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/linking-premature-ovarian-insufficiency-to-autoimmune-diseases/) - Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) occurs when an individual's ovaries stop functioning before the age of 40. Autoimmune mechanisms have long been suspected to play a role in this condition for some patients. However, there is limited data directly assessing whether those with POI are more likely to develop an autoimmune disease. A new paper published
- [IDO1 Effectively Reduces Autoimmune Disease Symptoms in Study](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ido1-effectively-reduces-autoimmune-disease-symptoms-in-study/) - The amino acid, tryptophan, affects the function of various T cells. The therapeutic potential of the enzyme which metabolizes tryptophan has recently been studied in rat models for the treatment of T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases; initial findings were published earlier this month.
- [The Link Between Mucosal Tissue and Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-link-between-mucosal-tissue-and-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - These findings highlight the significant link between microbial exposure and the development of RA. Eventually, we may be able to modify the microbes and immune cells residing in these tissues to treat or prevent RA.
- [The Potential of Circular RNA](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-potential-of-circular-rna/) - There are many types of RNA in cells. Some are used as the directions to make protein, while others are regulatory RNAs that control whether a protein will be made or not. Changes in these regulatory RNAs may contribute to the development of various diseases, including autoimmune disease.
- [Reproductive Factors Linked to Increased SLE Risk in Black Women](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/reproductive-factors-linked-to-increased-sle-risk-in-black-women/) - A recent study titled “A prospective study of reproductive factors in relation to the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus among black women” sheds light on unique factors affecting Black women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE, an autoimmune disorder that leads to widespread inflammation, typically appears during the reproductive years (ages 15 to 40). Conducted
- [A Breakthrough in Understanding Autoimmune Disease Genetics](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/a-breakthrough-in-understanding-autoimmune-disease-genetics/) - Discover how the ETS2 gene on chromosome 21 drives inflammation in autoimmune diseases like IBD and ankylosing spondylitis, offering new targets for treatment.
- [Understanding How Molecular Mimicry May Spur Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/understanding-how-molecular-mimicry-may-spur-autoimmunity/) - Researchers identify protein fragments linked to ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis through molecular mimicry, revealing potential autoimmune triggers.
- [Biomarker of Autoimmunity Increasing in the United States](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/biomarker-of-autoimmunity-increasing-in-the-united-states/) - ANA, a key autoimmunity biomarker, has increased in prevalence in the U.S. over the past 25 years, suggesting environmental or lifestyle factors may be involved.
- [B Cells and T Cells as the Key Drivers of Autoimmune Hepatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/b-cells-and-t-cells-as-the-key-drivers-of-autoimmune-hepatitis/) - B cells and T cells are central to autoimmune hepatitis, driving liver damage through dysregulation and autoantigen responses, with potential for targeted immunotherapies.
- [Automating Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis with AI](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/automating-multiple-sclerosis-diagnosis-with-ai/) - While MS has been traditionally diagnosed by clinical symptoms, lab tests, and MRI, new work augmenting imaging with artificial intelligence can help clinicians reach a diagnosis faster.
- [The Role of Hormones and Sex Chromosomes in Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-role-of-hormones-and-sex-chromosomes-in-autoimmune-disease/) - Learn about the role of hormones and sex chromosomes in autoimmune diseases, highlighting key findings from a recent review in Nature Review Immunology.
- [Skin and Internal Organ Involvement in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/skin-and-internal-organ-involvement-in-patients-with-sjogren-syndrome/) - Learn about the findings of a 16-year study on Sjögren Syndrome, examining skin and organ issues in 185 patients' medical records.
- [Stem Cell Transplantation as a Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/stem-cell-transplantation-as-a-treatment-for-multiple-sclerosis/) - Explore the potential of stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis treatment. This comprehensive meta-analysis uncovers findings on short-term benefits and safety.
- [UNC93B1's Role in TLR-Mediated Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/unc93b1s-role-in-tlr-mediated-autoimmune-disease/) - Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect foreign invaders in the immune system. Proper control is crucial, as increased signaling can lead to autoimmune disease.
- [How Interferon Alters T Cell Dynamics in Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-interferon-alters-t-cell-dynamics-in-lupus/) - A new Nature research study provides new insights into how interferon may lead to altered types of T cells in those with systemic lupus erythematosus.
- [New Theory Explaining Higher Prevalancy of Autoimmunity in Females](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-theory-explaining-higher-prevalancy-of-autoimmunity-in-females/) - An article published this week explores a new explanation for the longstanding question of why women are more prone to developing autoimmune disease. Previous theories focus on sex hormones and gene regulation, but this new theory adds complexity by suggesting that a molecular coating found on one of women’s X chromosomes, related to a process called X-chromosome inactivation (which dampens the function of one X chromosome in the majority of XX cells), may trigger immune responses.
- [Immune Checkpoint Discovery Provides Insight for Treating Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/immune-checkpoint-discovery-provides-insight-for-treating-autoimmune-disease/) - The immune system has a “brake system” through checkpoints (like PD-1) that prevent attacks on healthy cells by regulating immune responses. While the study of these interactions has been extensively examined, a research team has made an unexpected discovery about how a key immune checkpoint works. They discuss this and how the understanding potentially has important implications for immune activity-altering therapies in their recent publication, Transmembrane domain–driven PD-1 dimers mediate T cell inhibition.
- [Link Between Celiac Disease and Kidney Damage Uncovered in New Study](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/link-between-celiac-disease-and-kidney-damage-uncovered-in-new-study/) - In this study, researchers examined kidney biopsies from patients with IgA Nephropathy, including those with and without celiac disease.
- [Revolutionary Reverse-Vaccine Reduces Side Effects in Protein-Based Drugs](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/revolutionary-reverse-vaccine-reduces-side-effects-in-protein-based-drugs/) - Scientists at the State University of New York are developing and testing a reverse-vaccination approach to address this issue. Published in Scientific Reports, their strategy uses nanoparticles containing phosphatidylserine, a molecule known to induce immune tolerance.
- [Preventing Lupus: Early B Cell Targeting Delays Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/preventing-lupus-early-b-cell-targeting-delays-autoimmunity/) - A new study in iScience shows that targeting B cells in the pre-disease phase of a mouse model of SLE can reset the immune system and delay the onset of autoimmunity.
- [New Research Reveals Microbiome's Role in Brain Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-research-reveals-microbiomes-role-in-brain-disorders/) - According to new research, the origins of some brain disorders may not be in the head but rather in the gut. Scientists studying the vast populations of microbes living in and on our bodies (known as the microbiome) have found they play a major role in brain function and behavior.
- [Patient-Reported Outcomes Reveal Hidden Challenges in Antiphospholipid Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/patient-reported-outcomes-reveal-hidden-challenges-in-antiphospholipid-syndrome/) - People with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an autoimmune disease causing abnormal blood clots, often experience challenges beyond what lab reports reveal.
- [The Puzzling Link Between EBV and MS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-puzzling-link-between-ebv-and-ms/) - Our immune system uses specialized proteins called antibodies to target and eliminate harmful invaders. This study found that in some individuals with MS, these antibodies might be mistaking a protein in EBV (EBNA1) for a similar protein found in the nervous system (CRYAB).
- [Study Finds Cesarean Section Linked to Crohn’s Disease Later in Life](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/study-finds-cesarean-section-linked-to-crohns-disease-later-in-life/) - A study titled Delivery mode and risk of gastrointestinal disease in the offspring that followed over a million full-term babies found a possible connection between Cesarean section (also known as C-section) delivery mode and the development of Crohn’s disease later in life.
- [First Steps Towards Precision Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/first-steps-towards-precision-therapy-for-multiple-sclerosis/) - The ability to control autoreactive T cells without inducing systemic immune suppression is the major goal for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The key challenge is the safe and efficient delivery of pharmaceutically well-defined antigens in a noninflammatory context.
- [New Research Illuminates Connection Between Fibromyalgia Antibodies And Pain](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-research-illuminates-connection-between-fibromyalgia-antibodies-and-pain/) - People with fibromyalgia can experience pain, stiffness, headaches, and cognitive issues, as well as fatigue and emotional distress. Although the causes of fibromyalgia aren’t well established, new research published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation shows that IgG antibodies make certain types of neurons more sensitive to painful physical and thermal stimuli.
- [New Study Reveals Piezo1's Key Role in Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-study-reveals-piezo1s-key-role-in-multiple-sclerosis-and-autoimmunity/) - As T cells circulate through the body, they must squeeze through tight spaces between cells, probe the outsides of antigen-presenting cells, and search for antigens in tissues of a variety of shapes and textures. Previous work showed that a protein that detects these mechanosensory cues, Piezo1, helps trigger the inflammatory response in everything from bacterial infections to cancer.
- [Understanding the Link between EBV and MS: The Role of CRYAB](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/understanding-the-link-between-ebv-and-ms-the-role-of-cryab/) - The Epstein-Barr virus causes the infectious disease mononucleosis. However, prior work has found it can also lead to the development of multiple sclerosis.
- [Immune Checkpoint Could be a New Target against Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/immune-checkpoint-could-be-a-new-target-against-autoimmune-diseases/) - The immune system has many ways to keep itself in check. One method includes using negative checkpoint regulators that prevent a specific type of immune cells called T cells from attacking our own bodies and causing autoimmunity.
- [New Treatments Based on Specific Genetic and Autoimmune Causes of Psychiatric Illness Under Investigation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/new-treatments-based-on-specific-genetic-and-autoimmune-causes-of-psychiatric-illness-under-investigation/) - Doctors and researchers have found that some patients with refractory schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder have underlying lupus, and once treated for lupus, their psychiatric symptoms disappear. Dr. Sander Marx found that two patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who were completely detached from reality and had been institutionalized for decades almost completely recovered following treatment for lupus.
- [Heightened Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disease in Those with Childhood Rotavirus-Associated Hospitalization](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/heightened-susceptibility-to-autoimmune-disease-in-those-with-childhood-rotavirus-associated-hospitalization/) - A research article investigating the potential link between rotavirus infection during childhood and the subsequent development of autoimmune diseases was published in JAMA Network Open. The researchers conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a large health database, focusing on children who had been hospitalized due to rotavirus infection. The study aimed to determine whether these children had an increased risk of autoimmune diseases compared to the general population.
- [Yale’s Groundbreaking Research on Gut-Brain Interactions to Combat Parkinson’s](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/yales-groundbreaking-research-on-gut-brain-interactions-to-combat-parkinsons/) - An interdisciplinary team of doctors and scientists at Yale School of Medicine received a grant from the Aligning Sciences Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) initiative to study the link between the gut and the brain (also known as the gut-brain axis). This research can help scientists understand how the gut-brain axis influences the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease.
- [How Gut Microbes Evolve to Escape the Intestines and Trigger Chronic Infection](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-gut-microbes-evolve-to-escape-the-intestines-and-trigger-chronic-infection/) - The gut is home to a plethora of pathobionts. When housed within the gut, they typically don’t cause problems. But when they escape the intestines in what is known as “leaky gut syndrome,” they can trigger chronic inflammation that leads to the development of autoimmune diseases.
- [Microbes within the Host 2019 Conference](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/microbes-within-the-host-conference-at-salk-institutenews-san-diego-conference-microbes-within-the-host-at-salk-institute/) - At the January 2019 Salk IPSEN Conference in San Diego, California, a diverse group of scientists and medical professionals shared their exciting projects and latest research, exploring our intricate relationship with the microbes that live in and around us. Our understanding of the human body and the way it interacts with the environment has undergone a massive transformation in recent years.
- [The Autoimmune Tautology: An Update](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/the-autoimmune-tautology-an-update/) - An Autoimmune Tautology refers to the fact that autoimmune diseases share several clinical signs and symptoms, physiopathological mechanisms, and genetic factors that support their having a common ancestor.
- [IL-2 Fusion Protein Boosts Tregs to Help Combat Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/il-2-fusion-protein-boosts-tregs-to-help-combat-autoimmune-disease/) - T-regulatory cells (Tregs) act as brakes for our immune system by helping to turn off immune responses. In this study, scientists developed a mechanism to increase the number of Tregs in mouse models of autoimmune disease.
- [CRISPR/Cas9 Mapping of Immune Gene Networks](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/crispr-cas9-mapping-of-immune-gene-networks/) - Genetic changes can play a significant role in the development of immune system disorders, including autoimmunity. In this study, scientists used CRISPR/Cas9, a genome-editing tool, to disrupt various genes that make transcription factors in human T cells.
- [Protecting Pancreatic Beta Cells in Type 1 Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/protecting-pancreatic-beta-cells-in-type-1-diabetes/) - Scientists utilized mice to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmunity within the beta cells. More research is needed, but this work suggests that developing a therapy to prevent damage to pancreatic beta cells may eventually be possible. 
- [How the Immune System Learns to Distinguish Between Self and Non-Self](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/how-the-immune-system-learns-to-distinguish-between-self-and-non-self/) - T cells circulate throughout the body to aid in its defense. Critical T cell training happens within the thymus to help make T cells tolerant to self, including a process known as negative selection.
- [Decoding Inflammation: Mitochondrial Triggers in Autoimmunity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/decoding-inflammation-mitochondrial-triggers-in-autoimmunity/) - In this study, researchers used mice and cell culture to investigate how mtDNA escapes the mitochondria and triggers inflammation. These are valuable findings, as they help us understand how mtDNA escapes and triggers inflammation.
- [Digestive Disease Week (DDW) San Diego Conference](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/digestive-disease-week-conference/) - The May 2019 DDW Conference in San Diego, California, supported the largest international gathering of top physicians, researchers, and industry leaders in the fields of gastroenterology, endoscopy, hepatology, and gastrointestinal surgery. They discussed advancements in autoimmune and other diseases related to the gastrointestinal system, as well as what the future holds for diagnosing and treating these types of conditions.
- [International Celiac Disease Symposium Paris Conference](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/paris-conference-international-celiac-disease-symposium/) - At the September 2019 ICDS Conference in Paris, France, many of the foremost experts in celiac disease presented their work on various topics to rooms full of gastroenterologists, pediatricians, dieticians, and celiac-related organizations and programs.
- [Gluten and Neurodegenerative Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/gluten-and-neurodegenerative-diseases/) - Gluten is proinflammatory, oxidative, increases intestinal permeability, and compromises immune functions. A gluten-free diet can improve non-celiac autoimmune diseases.
- [One in Ten Affected by Autoimmune Disease Says New Study of 22+ Million People](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/one-in-ten-affected-by-ad/) - A new population-based study involving 22 million people shows that 19 of the most common autoimmune disorders now affect about 10% of the population –13% of women and 7% of men, which is higher than previous estimates ranging from 3% to 9% (often relying on smaller sample sizes and including fewer autoimmune conditions).
- [Revolutionary Discovery: Sarcoidosis Diagnosis with a Simple Blood Test](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/revolutionary-discovery-sarcoidosis-diagnosis-with-a-simple-blood-test/) - Today, the National Institutes of Health announced that a groundbreaking blood test has been developed to diagnose sarcoidosis swiftly and inexpensively. Sarcoidosis, characterized by granuloma growth in various organs, often requires invasive tests for diagnosis. This new tool, described in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, promises a more straightforward approach using a blood test.

## Autoimmune Stories

- [Heather's Story: The Hurt and Healing](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/heathers-story-the-hurt-and-healing/) - In her story, Heather shares her journey from years of unexplained symptoms and repeated surgeries to a diagnosis of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS), and the resilience, self-discovery, and hope she found along the way. While Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is not classified as an autoimmune disease, many people living with EDS face challenges that will feel familiar to those in the autoimmune community, including chronic pain, diagnostic delays, complex symptoms, and the emotional toll of an often invisible condition.
- [Hannah's Story: Celebrating Progress While Battling Crohn’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/hannahs-story-celebrating-progress-while-battling-crohns-disease/) - When I first heard the words “you have Crohn’s disease” I thought my life was over and that I’d be stuck in bed and feeling sick for the rest of my life.
- [Melanie’s Story: Living With Type 1 Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/melanies-story-living-with-type-1-diabetes/) - Melanie shares her Type 1 diabetes diagnosis story and reflects on adjusting to a new normal, resilience, and learning to live with chronic illness.
- [Gracie's Story: Reclaiming my Life](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/gracies-story-reclaiming-my-life/) - Gracie shares her journey with POTS, from sudden symptoms to diagnosis, and how advocacy, support, and community helped her reclaim stability and purpose.
- [Bárbara's Story: The Invisibility of Continuity](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/barbaras-story-the-invisibility-of-continuity/) - An artist reflects on living with chronic autoimmune and neurological illnesses, and how music, leadership, and creative identity adapt and endure.
- [Dillon’s Story: My 12-Year Journey to a Lyme Disease Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/dillons-story-my-12-year-journey-to-a-lyme-disease-diagnosis/) - Dillon's prolonged struggle to get an accurate Lyme disease diagnosis highlights the importance of perseverance and exploring alternative options.
- [Erika's Story: Still Me](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/erikas-story/) - Mom of three. Six autoimmune diseases. Endless resilience. Erika’s story is one of strength, purpose, and powerful chronic illness advocacy.
- [Zoe's Story: Embracing Your New Normal](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/zoes-story-embracing-your-new-normal/) - Zoe’s story of managing ulcerative colitis and seizures highlights the importance of self-advocacy and support from family and institutions.
- [Savannah’s Story: Finding My Inner Superwoman While Battling a Rare Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/savannahs-story-finding-my-inner-superwoman-while-battling-a-rare-disease/) - In chronic illness, we often grieve for the life we once had, Savannah’s story of living with Devic’s disease reminds us how we can still find joy.
- [Rahel's Story: MCTD, Raynaud’s, & Living with Gratitude](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/rahels-story-mctd-raynauds-living-with-gratitude/) - Rahel shares her story of managing Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Raynaud’s, emphasizing gratitude, resilience, and the importance of staying active.
- [Presha's Story: Being Okay With Not Being Okay](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/preshas-story-being-okay-with-not-being-okay/) - Presha shares her journey of accepting life with a chronic illness, highlighting the importance of self-compassion and embracing that it's okay not to be okay.
- [Morgan’s Story: Getting Help with Crohn’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/morgans-story-getting-help-with-crohns-disease/) - Morgan shares her journey with Crohn's disease, highlighting the need for proper medical care and support to navigate the challenges of living with a chronic illness.
- [Morgan's Update: Keeping Dreams in View While Having Multiple Illnesses](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/morgans-update-keeping-dreams-in-view-while-having-multiple-illnesses/) - Morgan shares an update on her journey and emphasizes the importance of resilience and self-care in overcoming challenges.
- [Monwabisi's Story: Growing up with Vitiligo, Growing into Self-Acceptance](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/monwabisis-story-growing-up-with-vitiligo-growing-into-self-acceptance/) - Read Monwabisi’s journey with vitiligo showcases his path to self-acceptance, overcoming challenges, and embracing his unique identity.
- [Meshach's Story: Believing in Yourself and Turning Burdens into Blessings](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/meshachs-story-believing-in-yourself-and-turning-burdens-into-blessings/) - Meshach shares her story of misdiagnosis and ultimate diagnosis with Neuromyelitis Optica, emphasizing self-advocacy and turning challenges into blessings.
- [Margaux’s Story: When Food Sensitivities Catch You Off Guard](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/margauxs-story-when-food-sensitivities-catch-you-off-guard/) - Margaux shares her experiences with unexpected food sensitivities, revealing the impact on her life and the importance of diet and stress management.
- [KarlaMary's Story: Finding Yourself After an Autoimmune Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/karlamarys-story-finding-yourself-after-an-autoimmune-diagnosis/) - KarlaMary’s journey with Hashimoto’s reveals her path to self-discovery and resilience. Learn how she navigates life post-diagnosis and finds new purpose.
- [Justin's Story: Braving the Sacrifices That Come With Chronic Illness](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/justins-story-braving-the-sacrifices-that-come-with-chronic-illness/) - Read Justin’s journey of resilience and sacrifices while battling ankylosing spondylitis, highlighting the challenges of chronic illness and caregiving.
- [Holly's Story: Courage Doesn’t Always Roar](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/hollys-story-courage-doesnt-always-roar/) - Holly's journey with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) highlights resilience, recovery, and the power of quiet courage in overcoming life's toughest challenges.
- [Roxanne’s Story: Mindfulness & Holistic Healing with Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/roxannes-story-mindfulness-holistic-healing-with-lupus/) - Roxanne, who lives with lupus, describes her holistic path to wellness and how mindfulness helps her thrive with chronic illness.
- [Daanya's Story: Breaking the Stigma of Crohn’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/daanyas-story-breaking-the-stigma-of-crohns-disease/) - Daanya shares her inspiring journey with Crohn’s disease, fighting stigma, advocating for awareness, and the importance of community support.
- [Claire's Story: Gender Bias & the Long Road to Diagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/claires-story-gender-bias-the-long-road-to-diagnosis/) - Freshman year I was hospitalized sixteen times, eleven times for anaphylaxis. One of my hospitalizations was for pneumonia and kidney failure. After the school year ended, I went home and bounced around from doctor to doctor.
- [Aubrey’s Story: Mind-Body Connection & Healing](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/aubreys-story-mind-body-connection-healing/) - Diagnosing, managing, and treating an autoimmune disease or chronic illness can feel like putting together a 1,000-piece puzzle with your eyes closed.
- [Ashley's Story: Turning the Tables on Primary Raynaud’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/ashleys-story-turning-the-tables-on-primary-raynauds-disease/) - Read Ashley’s inspiring story of triumph over Primary Raynaud’s Disease. Learn about her challenges, determination, and the strategies she used to turn the tables on her condition.
- [Anthony's Story: Waging a War Within](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/anthonys-story-waging-a-war-within/) - Anthony describes the daily agony, numerous medical consultations, and misdiagnoses before finally receiving the diagnosis he suspected: ankylosing spondylitis. The revelation brought a mix of emotions, but armed with knowledge, a more personalized treatment plan, a focus on fitness, and a positive mindset, he now feels prepared to face the difficult journey ahead.
- [Anna's Story: Holding On To Hope with an Undiagnosed Illness](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/annas-story-holding-on-to-hope-with-an-undiagnosed-illness/) - Read Anna’s inspiring story of resilience and hope as she navigates life with an undiagnosed autoimmune illness.
- [Aashika's Story: Finding Hope and Gratitude In the Journey to Healing](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/aashikas-story-finding-hope-and-gratitude-in-the-journey-to-healing/) - Aashika recounts the ups and downs of being suddenly diagnosed with Autoimmune Hepatitis – including the physical, mental, and emotional tolls – and finding hope, gratitude, and a new perspective on health.

## Categories

- [Living Well with Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/category/living-well-understanding-the-body/)
- [Autoimmune Care & Caregiver Support](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/category/autoimmune-care-and-support/) - Expert-informed articles on autoimmune care, offering practical guidance for navigating healthcare systems and supporting those living with chronic illness.
- [COVID-19 and Long Covid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/category/covid-19-and-long-covid/)
- [Diagnosis & Treatment](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/category/diagnosis-treatment/)
- [About Autoimmune Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/category/about-autoimmune-disease/)

## Autoimmune Disease

- [Autoimmune Hepatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-hepatitis/) - Inflammation of the liver resulting from the immune system attacking liver cells. There are two types: Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is the most common form, which is associated with other autoimmune diseases and can occur at any age. Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis is less common and affects younger children between the age of 2 and 14.
- [Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/celiac-disease/) - Also known as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, celiac disease causes damage to the small intestine in response to gluten consumption.
- [Crohn's Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/crohns-disease/) - A type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
- [Eosinophilic Esophagitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/eosinophilic-esophagitis/) - An immune system condition of chronic esophagus inflammation, marked by an abnormal presence of eosinophils (white blood cells) in the lining of the esophagus.
- [Ulcerative Colitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/ulcerative-colitis/) - A condition involving the formation of ulcers and inflammation of the innermost layer of the colon and rectum of the digestive tract.
- [Ankylosing Spondylitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/ankylosing-spondylitis/) - A chronic form of arthritis that causes inflammation of the joints and over time can cause some of the vertebrae of the spine to fuse.
- [Dermatomyositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/dermatomyositis/) - Degenerative changes of the muscles and skin, caused by an inappropriate autoimmune reaction that leads to obstructive inflammatory changes of blood vessels within muscle, connective tissues of the skin, and other tissues.
- [Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/)
- [Scleroderma](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/scleroderma/) - An overproduction of collagen protein which leads to the hardening and inflammation of connective tissues and skin.
- [Systemic Lupus Erythematosus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/) - SLE is the most common form of lupus in which the immune system attacks its own healthy tissues resulting in widespread inflammation and tissue damage of joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels.
- [Autoimmune Encephalitis/Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis/) - Occurs when healthy cells and tissues in the brain or spinal cord are attacked by the body’s immune system, leading to inflammation.
- [Guillain-Barre Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/guillain-barre-syndrome/) - Occurs when the immune system attacks part of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
- [Henoch–Schönlein Purpura](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/henoch-schonlein-purpura/) - HSP, also known as IgA vasculitis, is characterized by inflammation of the small blood vessels located in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys, sometimes accompanied by bleeding.
- [Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/multiple-sclerosis/) - A neurological disease that is thought to be triggered by environmental factors in individuals with genetic susceptibility. Involves immune attacks on the axons and myelin in the CNS that cover nerve fibers, which causes permanent communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
- [Myasthenia Gravis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/myasthenia-gravis/) - When nerve impulse transmission is interrupted at the neuromuscular junction where nerve cells and muscles connect, due to acetylcholine receptors being blocked or destroyed by antibodies. Acetylcholine receptors activate muscle contractions; thus, their destruction prevents those contractions from occurring.
- [Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/hashimotos-encephalopathy/)
- [Vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/vasculitis/)
- [Polymyositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/polymyositis/) - Inflammation of the muscles and associated tissues, affecting the skeletal muscles that control movement.
- [Aplastic Anemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/aplastic-anemia/) - A blood disorder that occurs when bone marrow (where red and white blood cell and platelet production occurs) is attacked by autoantibodies.
- [Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia/) - Autoantibodies attack red blood cells at a faster rate than they can be replaced, leading to dangerously low red blood cell levels.
- [Evans Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/evans-syndrome/) - When autoantibodies attack healthy red blood cells, platelets, and neutrophils (white blood cells), depleting the levels of blood cells necessary for normal functioning.
- [Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/immune-thrombocytopenia/) - Also known as autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura, ITP involves low levels of cells that help with blood clotting, resulting in significant bruising or bleeding. This can be chronic in adults, but full recoveries can typically be expected for children.
- [Sarcoidosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/sarcoidosis/) - Characterized by the growth of granulomas, which are abnormal accumulations of inflammatory immune system cells called macrophages.
- [Addison's Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/addisons-disease/) - Affects the function of the adrenal glands, which disrupts the production of several hormones including cortisol and aldosterone, which regulate stress response (fight or flight) and blood pressure.
- [Agammaglobulinemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/agammaglobulinemia/) - Characterized by the attack of antibodies known as gammaglobulins (responsible for defending the body from infection), leaving those affected very susceptible to illnesses, which then progress aggressively and are more likely to prove deadly.
- [Juvenile Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-arthritis/)
- [Juvenile Dermatomyositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-dermatomyositis/)
- [Lyme Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/lyme-disease/) - A vector-borne (results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) disease characterized by four specific species of bacteria, including Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia mayonii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii.
- [Transverse Myelitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/transverse-myelitis/)
- [Type 1 Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/type-1-diabetes/) - Historically called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, T1D occurs when the body’s immune system attacks insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells (islets), causing the body to have insufficient insulin stores. These insufficient insulin levels hinder glucose from entering cells, negatively impairing the energy production process in the body.
- [Lupus Nephritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/lupus-nephritis/) - A type of kidney disease caused by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies attack structures in the kidneys that filter out waste leading to impaired kidney function and potentially kidney failure.
- [Neuromyelitis Optica/Devic's Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/neuromyelitis-optica/) - Inflammation of the optic nerve, which carries information from the eye to the brain, accompanied by inflammation of the spinal cord.
- [Primary Biliary Cholangitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/primary-biliary-cholangitis/) - Caused by a buildup of bile (a substance used to facilitate digestion and eliminate toxins in the liver) due to progressive destruction of the bile ducts by the immune system, this disease can eventually lead to liver damage and cirrhosis.
- [Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/primary-sclerosing-cholangitis/) - Characterized by inflammation and destruction of the bile ducts, a series of tubes carrying bile (digestive fluid) from the liver to the small intestine.
- [Graves' Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/graves-disease/) - Occurs when specific antibodies mistakenly bind to thyroid cells, overriding the normal regulation of the thyroid, causing the thyroid to produce and release excessive thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism).
- [Glomerulonephritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/glomerulonephritis/) - Various conditions that develop when the kidney’s glomeruli become inflamed.
- [Autoimmune Cytopenia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-cytopenia/)
- [Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-lymphoproliferative-syndrome/) - Dysregulation of lymphocytes (immune system cells) results in overproduction and subsequent enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
- [Psoriasis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/psoriasis/) - A skin disease that causes red, itchy, or scaly patches, usually on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp, occurring in cycles of flare-ups that may last for weeks or months before subsiding.
- [Vitiligo](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/vitiligo/) - A skin disease that occurs when autoantibodies attack melanocytes (the skin cells that produce melanin or the chemical that produces skin color).
- [Kawasaki Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/kawasaki-disease/)
- [Psoriatic Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/psoriatic-arthritis/) - A type of arthritis that develops after psoriasis. Cycles of flares and remission are common and treatment can help manage symptoms, but usually the condition does not entirely resolve.
- [Primary Immunodeficiency](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/primary-immunodeficiency/)
- [Behçet’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/behcets-disease/) - A systemic disease that manifests as blood vessel inflammation throughout the entire body. This inflammation impacts several organs including the skin, eyes, joints, intestines, lung, and central nervous system.
- [Churg-Strauss Syndrome/Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/churg-strauss-syndrome-egpa/) - also known as Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), Churg-Strauss Syndrome is the inflammation of blood vessels, clustering of white blood cells, and development of granulomas.
- [Mixed Connective Tissue Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/) - MCTD develops as ribonucleoprotein molecules are attacked by antibodies, inhibiting the production of messenger RNA. The body’s fibers that help to establish its framework and physical support (connective tissues) are also attacked.
- [Polymyalgia Rheumatica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/polymyalgia-rheumatica/) - Characterized by muscle pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, and hips, equally affecting both sides of the body. The pain and discomfort are normally so great that it interferes with normal day-to-day activities. PR may appear overnight, or more gradually, and may last up to several years.
- [Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/rheumatoid-arthritis/) - The most common chronic inflammatory joint disease, autoantibodies attack the joints and cause joint destruction.
- [Sjögren Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/sjogren-syndrome/) - When the glands responsible for producing moisture in the eyes, mouth, and other parts of the body are destroyed by autoantibodies.
- [Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/undifferentiated-connective-tissue-disease/) - When the symptoms and lab test results of a systemic connective tissue disease are present but do not meet enough characteristics for a specific diagnosis (such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus).
- [Cogan Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/cogan-syndrome/) - Occurs when the immune system attacks the tissues and blood vessels of the eyes and ears.
- [Giant Cell Arteritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/giant-cell-arteritis/) - Also known as temporal arteritis or Horton’s disease, Giant cell arteritis is a disease of the blood vessels.
- [Polyarteritis Nodosa](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/polyarteritis-nodosa/) - A systemic blood vessel disease characterized by inflammation of small and medium-sized arteries which prevents their transport of oxygen and food to organs.
- [Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-pots/) - Related to blood volume, the primary indicator of POTS is orthostatic intolerance, which is when too little blood returns to the heart when moving from a lying down to a standing up position.
- [Autoimmune Pancreatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-pancreatitis/) - Also known as immunoglobulin G4-related disease, AIP is caused by an immune system attack on the pancreas which causes chronic inflammation, enlargement, or a mass in the pancreas.
- [Parsonage-Turner Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/parsonage-turner-syndrome/) - A neurological autoimmune disease characterized by rapid development of severe shoulder and arm pain followed by muscular atrophy in the areas affected.
- [Sclerosing Mesenteritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/sclerosing-mesenteritis/)
- [Central Nervous System Vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/centralnervoussystem-vasculitis/)
- [Amyloidosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/amyloidosis/)
- [Antiphospholipid Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/antiphospholipid-syndrome/) - Autoantibodies damage proteins that are attached to fat molecules (phospholipids) causing blood clots to form in the body’s arteries and veins and making the blood “stickier” than normal.
- [Dressler’s Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/dresslers-syndrome/) - Also known as postmyocardial infarction syndrome or postpericardiotomy syndrome, Dressler’s syndrome is characterized by pericarditis (inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart that occurs after damage to the organ itself or to the pericardium).
- [Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/)
- [Sydenham's Chorea](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/sydenhams-chorea/) - Characterized by rapid, jerky, irregular, and involuntary movements (especially of the face and limbs). In children, these symptoms often appear after strep throat or rheumatic fever, caused by a group A streptococcus infection.
- [Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/anti-mog-associated-disease/)
- [Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis/Adult-Onset Still's Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/stills-disease-jia/) - JIA is a diagnosis that covers all forms of arthritis in individuals under 16 that last more than 6 weeks and whose origin is unknown. When diagnosed in adults, JIA is more commonly called adult-onset Still’s disease.
- [Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/chilblain-lupus/)
- [Discoid Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/discoid-lupus/) - A type of lupus that is limited to the skin and presents as coin-shaped lesions on the skin form, either localized (on the face, ears, scalp) or disseminated (above and below the neck).
- [Eosinophilic Fasciitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/eosinophilic-fasciitis/) - Inflammation of the fascia (the tough band of tissue under the skin) along the arms and legs due to abnormal accumulation of white blood cells which causes skin swelling, thickening, and hardening.
- [Myositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/myositis/)
- [Relapsing Polychondritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/relapsing-polychondritis/) - Characterized by recurrent inflammation of the cartilage and other tissues, RP affects the ears, nose, joints, eyes, skin, heart valves, and brain.
- [Vexas Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/vexas-syndrome/)
- [Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-autonomic-ganglionopathy/) - Caused by the immune system’s attack on the autonomic nervous system, which regulates non-voluntary bodily functions such as heartbeat, AAG can either be classified as being associated with high levels of g-AchR antibodies (seropositive) or as having no detectable levels of the antibodies (seronegative).
- [Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/pulmonary-alveolar-proteinosis/)
- [Iga Nephropathy/Berger's Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/iga-nephropathy-bergers/) - Occurs when immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation that hinders the ability of the kidneys to filter waste from the blood.
- [Primary Adrenal Insufficiency](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/primary-adrenal-insufficiency/)
- [Hashimoto's Thyroiditis/Autoimmune Thyroiditis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/hashimotos/) - The thyroid gland becomes inflamed, impairing its ability to produce thyroid hormones. This leads to a gradual decline in function and eventually an underactive thyroid, which causes many functions of the body to slow down.
- [Juvenile Myositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-myositis/)
- [Juvenile Polymyositis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-polymyositis/)
- [Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-psoriatic-arthritis/)
- [Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-rheumatoid-arthritis/)
- [Oligoarticular Juvenile Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/oligoarticular-juvenile-arthritis/)
- [Polyarticular Juvenile Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/polyarticular-juvenile-arthritis/)
- [Pemphigoid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/pemphigoid/)
- [Pemphigus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/pemphigus/)
- [Ménière's disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/menieres-disease/) - A chronic disease that affects the inner ear, though typically only one ear. The onset of symptoms is typically a result of fluid building up in the inner ear (specifically the labyrinth compartment of the inner ear that controls the human body’s balance and hearing capacities).
- [Cryoglobulinemia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/cryoglobulinemia/)
- [Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/cryoglobulinemic-vasculitis/)
- [Raynaud Syndrome/Phenomenon](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/raynauds/) - Narrowing of arteries that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body, known as vasospasm attacks, results in reduced blood flow in the fingers and toes and is typically triggered by cold temperatures and emotional stress.
- [Primary Biliary Cirrhosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/primary-biliary-cirrhosis/) - Caused by a buildup of bile (a substance used to facilitate digestion and eliminate toxins in the liver) due to progressive destruction of the bile ducts by the immune system, this disease can eventually lead to liver damage and cirrhosis.
- [Dysautonomia](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/dysautonomia/)
- [Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome/) - Occurs when the immune system attacks the areas where the nerves and muscles of the body connect (neuromuscular junctions). As a result, patients experience muscular weakness.
- [Nonvasculitic Autoimmune Inflammatory Meningoencephalitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/nonvasculitic-autoimmune-inflammatory-meningoencephalitis/)
- [POEMS Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/poems-syndrome/) - Characterized by polyneuropathy (simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body), organomegaly (enlargement of an organ or organs), endocrinopathy (endocrine gland disease that disrupts hormone production), monoclonal gammopathy (abnormal proteins found in the blood), and skin changes.
- [Igg4-Related Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/igg4-related-disease/) - A systemic fibroinflammatory disease that has the potential to impact all organ systems, but tends to affect the following organs: pancreas, bile ducts, lacrimal glands, major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual), lungs, kidneys, aorta, meninges, and thyroid gland.
- [Chronic Granulomatous Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/chronic-granulomatous-disease/)
- [Autoimmune Enteropathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-enteropathy/)
- [Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/cronkhite-canada-syndrome/) - A non-hereditary disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract, with a possible autoimmune etiology. It is primarily characterized by the formation of polyps, or abnormal tissue growths.
- [Bullous Pemphigoid](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/bullous-pemphigoid/) - A skin disease characterized by large fluid-filled blisters on the areas that flex, such as the lower abdomen, upper thighs, or armpits, due to autoantibodies targeting the skin.
- [Lichen Planus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/lichen-planus/) - Characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth and of skin cells, resulting in the swelling and irritation of the skin, mouth, scalp, nails, and genitals.
- [Plaque Psoriasis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/plaque-psoriasis/)
- [Spondyloarthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/spondyloarthritis/)
- [Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/primary-immunodeficiency-disorders/)
- [Connective Tissue Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/connective-tissue-disease/)
- [Cutaneous Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/cutaneous-lupus/)
- [Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/anti-nmdar-encephalitis/) - A form of encephalitis that occurs when the immune system attacks NMDA receptors in the brain, resulting in brain swelling and disruption of signaling pathways.
- [Stiff Person Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/stiff-person-syndrome/)
- [Necrobiosis Lipoidica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/necrobiosis-lipoidica/)
- [Pyoderma Gangrenosum](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/pyoderma-gangrenosum/)
- [Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)/ANCA-Associated Vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/mpa-anca-vasculitis/) - Blood vessel inflammation that damages organ systems, nerves, skin, and joints. Often associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), antibodies directed against certain constituents of white blood cells.
- [Takayasu's arteritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/takayasus-arteritis/)
- [Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-polyglandular-syndrome/) - A combination of endocrine and nonendocrine autoimmune diseases causing increased thyroid secretion and thyroid gland enlargement.
- [Various Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/various-autoimmune-diseases/)
- [Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-ankylosing-spondylitis/)
- [Uveitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/uveitis/)
- [Cutaneous Vasculitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/cutaneous-vasculitis/)
- [Reactive Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/reactive-arthritis/) - Formerly referred to as Reiter’s syndrome, reactive arthritis causes inflammation in various joints in the body, especially the knees, feet, toes, hips and ankles. It typically develops following an infection (particularly sexually transmitted) or food poisoning.
- [Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease/) - Rapidly progressive hearing loss and/or dizziness caused by antibodies attacking the inner ear, usually occurring suddenly and beginning in one ear before spreading to both.
- [Juvenile Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-lupus/)
- [Juvenile Scleroderma](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/juvenile-scleroderma/)
- [Dermatitis Herpetiformis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/dermatitis-herpetiformis/) - Chronic skin rashes of bumps and blisters.
- [Hyperthyroidism](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/hyperthyroidism/)
- [Temporal Arteritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/temporal-arteritis/)
- [Goodpasture Syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/goodpastures-syndrome/) - Also known as anti–glomerular basement membrane disease, autoantibodies attack the lungs and kidneys and if left untreated this can quickly escalate to glomerulonephritis, kidney failure, or even death.
- [Alopecia Areata](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/alopecia/) - An unpredictable, transient, non-skin-scarring hair loss caused by destruction of hair follicles, which can eventually lead to the loss of all scalp hair (alopecia totalis) or all body hair (alopecia universalis).
- [Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/) - Thickening and stiffening of the blood vessels cause restricted blood flow to the organs and tissues.
- [Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyneuropathy/) - Caused by the inflammation of the nerves and destruction of the myelin sheath (insulated covering) of the nerve fibers, CIPD may be closely related to or even a chronic form of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- [Paraneoplastic Pemphigus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/paraneoplastic-pemphigus/) - The least common but most severe form of pemphigus disease resulting in painful blisters on the mouth, lips, skin, and esophagus. Typically associated with cancer.
- [Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/linear-iga-bullous-dermatosis/) - Also known as linear IgA bullous dermatosis or chronic bullous disease of childhood, LAD causes blisters on the skin and mucous membranes. Typically, the skin blisters form in a line, and a corresponding line of IgA antibodies is found below the epidermis during skin biopsies.
- [Autonomic Neuropathy](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/autoimmune_disease/autonomic-neuropathy/)

## State

- [Massachusetts](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/massachusetts/)
- [California](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/california/)
- [Colorado](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/colorado/)
- [Washington DC](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/washington-dc/)
- [Ohio](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/ohio/)
- [North Carolina](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/north-carolina/)
- [Pennsylvania](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/pennsylvania/)
- [Maryland](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/maryland/)
- [Minnesota](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/minnesota/)
- [New York](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/new-york/)
- [New Jersey](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/new-jersey/)
- [Delaware](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/medical_institutions/state/delaware/)

## Category

- [Antibodies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/antibodies/) - Research on COVID-19 antibodies and immune response, including studies connecting antibody activity to autoimmune disease risk and outcomes.
- [Clinical Trials](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/clinical-trials/) - Major COVID-19 and Long Covid clinical trials, highlighting findings relevant to autoimmunity and patient care.
- [Long COVID](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/long-covid/) - Insights into Long COVID research, with emphasis on immune dysregulation and autoimmune disease connections.
- [ME/CFS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/me-cfs/) - Findings on the relationship between COVID-19 and ME/CFS, including infection risks, vaccine response, and immune system interactions.
- [Policy & Health Decisions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/policy-and-health-decisions/) - Policy decisions, regulatory actions, and public health guidance related to COVID-19, including implications for autoimmune disease research and patient care.
- [Variants](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/variants/) - Research on COVID-19 variants, their evolution, and effects on infection, vaccination, and autoimmune health.
- [Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/autoimmune-diseases/) - Insights on the impact of COVID-19 on autoimmune diseases, including risks, outcomes, and immune system interactions.
- [Type 1 diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/type-1-diabetes/) - Studies on type 1 diabetes in the context of COVID-19, including infection outcomes, vaccine responses, and immune activity.
- [Guillain-Barré syndrome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/guillain-barre-syndrome/) - Research and case reports on the intersection of COVID-19 with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- [Infections](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/infections/) - Research on COVID-19 infection outcomes and their implications for autoimmunity and post-viral illness.
- [Research Studies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/research-studies/) - Important COVID-19 research studies, with focus on immune response, treatment, and autoimmune disease relevance.
- [Rheumatoid arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/rheumatoid-arthritis/) - Research on rheumatoid arthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering disease activity, treatment adjustments, and immune response.
- [Lupus (SLE)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/) - Research on systemic lupus erythematosus during COVID-19, including risks, immune responses, and treatment considerations.
- [Johnson & Johnson](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/johnson-and-johnson/) - Developments on Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine, with emphasis on safety, efficacy, and autoimmune implications.
- [Moderna](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/moderna/) - Research and updates on Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine, including safety monitoring and immune response data.
- [Pfizer](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/pfizer/) - Updates on Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine, covering safety, efficacy, and immune-related outcomes.
- [Vaccine Manufacturers](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/vaccine-manufacturers/) - Information on COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers, including research, safety monitoring, and autoimmune disease relevance.
- [Vaccine Adverse Events](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/vaccine-adverse-events/) - Findings on COVID-19 vaccine adverse events, including autoimmune-related cases and safety monitoring.
- [Treatments](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/treatments/) - Therapeutic approaches to COVID-19, including antivirals, immunomodulators, and relevance for autoimmune patients.
- [AstraZeneca](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/astrazeneca/) - Updates on AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine, including trial outcomes, immune responses, and safety data.
- [Novavax](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/novavax/) - Findings on Novavax’s COVID-19 vaccine, highlighting safety, efficacy, and immune system interactions.
- [Boosters](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/boosters/) - Developments in COVID-19 booster vaccines, including immune response data and autoimmune-related findings.
- [Thyroid disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/thyroid-disease/) - Findings on the intersection of COVID-19 and thyroid disease, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and immune system activity.
- [Celiac disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/celiac-disease/) - Studies and findings on COVID-19 and celiac disease, with attention to immune response and patient outcomes.
- [Multiple sclerosis (MS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/multiple-sclerosis/) - Findings on the relationship between COVID-19 and MS, including infection risks, vaccine response, and immune system interactions.
- [Inflammatory bowel disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/inflammatory-bowel-disease/) - Findings on the intersection of COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis).
- [Sjögren disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/sjogrens/) - Research on Sjögren disease during COVID-19, including patient outcomes and immune system interactions.
- [Myasthenia gravis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/myasthenia-gravis/) - Findings on the relationship between COVID-19 and Myasthenia Gravis, including infection risks, vaccine response, and immune system interactions.
- [COVID-19 Vaccines](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/covid-vaccines/) - Research and developments on COVID-19 vaccines, with attention to efficacy, safety, and autoimmune considerations.

## Category

- [Celiac Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/celiac-disease-ads/) - Advances in celiac disease research, diagnosis, and gluten-related autoimmunity.
- [Events](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/conferences-webinars/) - Autoimmune-related events, conferences, and webinars that advanced research, treatment, and awareness.
- [Neurological Disorders](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/neurological-disorders/) - Research and findings on neurological disorders linked to autoimmunity, including diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapies.
- [Research Studies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/research-studies-ad-news/) - Studies that contribute to the evolving science of autoimmune disease mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapies.
- [Therapies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/therapies/) - Therapeutic developments that transformed autoimmune disease care, from early drugs to biologics.
- [Diagnostic Testing](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/testing/) - Developments in diagnostic testing for autoimmune conditions, including biomarkers and evolving criteria.
- [Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/ads/) - Major developments in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases, highlighting progress across multiple conditions.
- [Microbiome](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/microbiome/) - Major milestones in microbiome research that shaped understanding of autoimmune disease mechanisms.
- [Risk Factors](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/risk-factors/) - Discoveries showing how genetics, environment, and exposures are linked to autoimmune disease.
- [Genetics](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/genetics/) - Key genetic findings that revealed predispositions and pathways in autoimmune disease.
- [Lupus](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/sle/) - Key breakthroughs in systemic lupus erythematosus, from diagnostic criteria to therapeutic innovations.
- [IBD (Crohn's and UC)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/ibd/) - Key discoveries and therapies that shaped the understanding and management of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
- [Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/ms/) - Pivotal studies and therapies that advanced knowledge of multiple sclerosis and transformed patient care.
- [Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/ra/) - Advances in rheumatoid arthritis research, diagnostics, and therapies that reshaped patient outcomes.
- [Type 1 Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/type-1-diabetes-ads/) - Advances in type 1 diabetes research, including immunological insights and treatment innovations.
- [Clinical Trials](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/clinical-trials-ad-news/) - Clinical trials that influenced autoimmune disease research and reshaped treatment options.
- [Autoimmune Brain Inflammation](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/autoimmune-encephalomyelitis/) - Key findings and research milestones on autoimmune brain inflammation, including encephalomyelitis and related neurological conditions.
- [Eye Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/eye-disease/) - Developments in autoimmune conditions affecting the eyes, including diagnostic and therapeutic advances.
- [Psoriasis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/psoriasis/) - Key research developments in psoriasis, including breakthroughs in immunology and targeted therapies.
- [Sjögren disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/sjogrens-syndrome/) - Research discoveries and treatment advances that deepened understanding of Sjögren disease.
- [Thyroid Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/thyroid-disease/) - Major research milestones in autoimmune thyroid conditions, including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.
- [Case Studies](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/case-studies/) - Significant case studies highlighting unusual presentations and clinical insights into autoimmune disease.
- [Policy & Health Decisions](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/government-policy/) - Government actions and policies that impact autoimmune disease research, funding, and patient care.
- [ME/CFS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/me-cfs/) - Important findings in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, with emphasis on immune dysfunction and disease mechanisms.
- [Resources](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/resources/) - Educational and informational resources that expand knowledge and support for autoimmune disease.
- [Autoimmune Stories](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/autoimmune-stories/)
- [OADR (NIH Office of Autoimmune Disease Research)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/research_updates/ad-news/oadr-nih-autoimmune-research/) - The Office of Autoimmune Disease Research (OADR-ORWH) coordinates autoimmune disease research across the NIH. This category covers OADR reports, strategic planning, funding initiatives, and updates shaping the future of autoimmune research.

## Category

- [Ankylosing Spondylitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/ankylosing-spondylitis/)
- [Autoimmune Hepatitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/autoimmune-hepatitis/)
- [Berger’s disease & glomerulonephritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/bergers-disease-glomerulonephritis/)
- [Caregiver’s Story](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/caregivers-story/)
- [Crohn’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/crohns-disease/)
- [Devic’s disease/Neuromyelitis Optica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/devics-disease-neuromyelitis-optica/)
- [Food Sensitivities](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/food-sensitivities/)
- [Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/guillain-barre-syndrome-gbs/)
- [Hashimoto’s](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/hashimotos/)
- [Henoch-Schönlein purpura](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/henoch-schonlein-purpura/)
- [Lupus (SLE)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/lupus-sle/)
- [Misdiagnosis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/misdiagnosis/)
- [Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd/)
- [Neuromyelitis Optica](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/neuromyelitis-optica/)
- [Raynaud’s](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/raynauds/)
- [Sjogren’s Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/sjogrens-disease/)
- [Ulcerative Colitis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/ulcerative-colitis/)
- [Undiagnosed](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/undiagnosed/)
- [Vitiligo](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/vitiligo/)
- [Lyme Disease](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/lyme-disease/)
- [Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/rheumatoid-arthritis/)
- [Multiple Autoimmune Diseases](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/multiple-autoimmune-diseases/)
- [POTS](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/pots/)
- [Multiple Sclerosis (MS)](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/multiple-sclerosis-ms/)
- [Type 1 Diabetes](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/type-1-diabetes/)
- [Diagnostic Delays](https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune_stories/category_stories/diagnostic-delays/)