A study published in the Journal of Autoimmunity evaluated the immune response of Pfizer and Moderna’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in participants with autoimmune systemic diseases. In total, serum samples from 244 AD patients were collected 2-4 weeks and six months after their first vaccine cycle, and 2-4 weeks following their booster dose; 502 people from the general population were used as a control group.
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COVID-19 was shown to induce the production of autoantibodies linked to spermatogenesis (a cell differentiation process that ensures the production of fertilizing sperm, which ultimately fuse with an egg to form a zygote) while vaccination was not shown to induce autoantibodies linked to spermatogenesis.
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Several studies have reported autoantibody production being induced by COVID-19 infection though we still do not understand their full spectrum. This work reinforces the idea that a COVID-19 infection may trigger serious autoimmune disease, “suggesting that this occurs against multiple molecules with key functions in immune and vascular homeostasis such as GPCRs and RAS-related molecules.”
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“This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases.”
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